Corotating Shock Waves and the Solar-Wind Source of Energetic Ion Abundances: Power Laws in A/Q

We find that element abundances in energetic ions accelerated by shock waves formed at corotating interaction regions (CIRs) mirror the abundances of the solar wind modified by a decreasing power-law dependence on the mass-to-charge ratio A/Q of the ions. This behavior is similar in character to the well-known power-law dependence on A/Q of abundances in large gradual solar energetic particles (SEP). The CIR ions reflect the pattern of A/Q, with Q values of the source plasma temperature or freezing-in temperature of 1.0 - 1.2 MK typical of the fast solar wind in this case. Thus the relative ion abundances in CIRs are of the form (A/Q)**a where a is nearly always negative and evidently decreases with distance from the shocks, which usually begin beyond 1 AU. For one unusual historic CIR event where a ~ 0, the reverse shock wave of the CIR seems to occur at 1 AU, and these abundances of the energetic ions become a direct proxy for the abundances of the fast solar wind.