Statistical Downscaling of Model Projections with Multivariate Basis Graphical Lasso

We describe an improved statistical downscaling method for Earth science applications using multivariate Basis Graphical Lasso (BGL). We demonstrate our method using a case study of sea surface temperature (SST) projections from CMIP6 Earth system models, which has direct applications for studies of multi-decadal projections of coral reef bleaching. We find that the BGL downscaling method is computationally tractable for large data sets, and that mean squared predictive error is roughly 8% lower than the current state-of-the-art interpolation-based statistical downscaling method. Finally, unlike most ofthe currently available methods, BGL downscaling produces uncertainty estimates. Our novel method can be applied to any model output variable for which corresponding higher-resolution observational data is available.