Enhancing non-destructive mass identification via Fourier-transform fluorescence analysis

Single-ion mass identification is important for atomic and nuclear physics experiments on ions produced with low yields. Cooling the ion to ultra-low temperatures by interacting with a laser-cooled ion will enhance the precision of the measurements. In this paper we present axial-common-mode frequency measurements of balanced and unbalanced Coulomb crystals from the Fourier transform of the fluorescence photons from a Doppler-cooling transition in calcium ions, after probing the ion/crystal with a 5-radiofrequency comb. A single ion non-destructively detected can be used for identification yielding a mass resolving power $m/\Delta m_\mathrm{FWHM}\approx 310$ from the axial common mode. This identification can be performed from a single measurement within times below one second.