REVIEW 92 references
X-ray emission signatures of galactic feedback in the hot circumgalactic medium: predictions from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.
This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.
SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event
T0 review · schema-true
One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.
pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp
abstract
Little is currently known about the physical properties of the hot circumgalactic medium (CGM) surrounding massive galaxies. Next-generation X-ray observatories will enable detailed studies of the hot CGM in emission. To support these future efforts, we make predictions of the X-ray emission from the hot CGM using a sample of 28 $\sim$Milky Way-mass disk galaxies at $z=0$ from seven cosmological hydrodynamical simulation suites incorporating a wide range of galactic feedback prescriptions. The X-ray surface brightness (XSB) morphology of the hot CGM varies significantly across simulations. XSB-enhanced outflows and bubble-like structures are predicted in many galaxies simulated with AGN feedback and in some stellar-feedback-only galaxies, while other galaxies exhibit more isotropic XSB distributions at varying brightnesses. Galaxies simulated without cosmic ray physics exhibit radial XSB profiles with similar shapes ($\propto r^{-3}$ within $20-200$ kpc), with scatter about this slope likely due to underlying feedback physics. The hot CGM kinematics also differ substantially: velocity maps reveal signatures of bulk CGM rotation and high-velocity biconical outflows, particularly in simulations incorporating AGN feedback. Some stellar-feedback-only models also generate similar AGN-like outflows, which we postulate is due to centrally-concentrated star formation. Simulations featuring AGN feedback frequently produce extended temperature enhancements in large-scale galactic outflows, while simulations incorporating cosmic ray physics predict the coolest CGM due to pressure support being provided by cosmic rays rather than hot CGM. Individually-resolved X-ray emission lines further distinguish hot CGM phases, with lower-energy lines (e.g., O VII) largely tracing volume-filling gas, and higher-energy lines (e.g., Fe XVII) highlighting high-velocity feedback-driven outflows.
Reference graph
Works this paper leans on
-
[1]
Anderson, M. E., & Bregman, J. N. 2011, ApJ, 737, 22, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/737/1/22
-
[2]
Anderson, M. E., Bregman, J. N., & Dai, X. 2013, ApJ, 762, 106, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/762/2/106
-
[3]
Anderson, M. E., Gaspari, M., White, S. D. M., Wang, W., & Dai, X. 2015, MNRAS, 449, 3806, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv437 Astropy Collaboration, Robitaille, T. P., Tollerud, E. J., et al. 2013, A&A, 558, A33, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201322068 Astropy Collaboration, Price-Whelan, A. M., Sip˝ ocz, B. M., et al. 2018, AJ, 156, 123, doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/aabc4f
-
[4]
Bandler, S. R., Chervenak, J. A., Datesman, A. M., et al. 2019, Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, 5, 021017, doi: 10.1117/1.JATIS.5.2.021017
-
[5]
2018, in Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series, Vol
Barret, D., Lam Trong, T., den Herder, J.-W., et al. 2018, in Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series, Vol. 10699, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, ed. J.-W. A. den Herder, S. Nikzad, & K. Nakazawa, 106991G, doi: 10.1117/12.2312409
-
[6]
2013, MNRAS, 430, 3292, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt131 Bogd´ an,´A., Bourdin, H., Forman, W
Bertone, S., Aguirre, A., & Schaye, J. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 3292, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt131 Bogd´ an,´A., Bourdin, H., Forman, W. R., et al. 2017, ApJ, 850, 98, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa9523 Bogd´ an,´A., Forman, W. R., Vogelsberger, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 772, 97, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/772/2/97
-
[7]
N., Hodges-Kluck, E., Qu, Z., et al
Bregman, J. N., Hodges-Kluck, E., Qu, Z., et al. 2022, ApJ, 928, 14, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac51de
-
[8]
Bryan, G. L., Norman, M. L., O’Shea, B. W., et al. 2014, ApJS, 211, 19, doi: 10.1088/0067-0049/211/2/19
Show all 92 references
-
[9]
2020, MNRAS, 497, 1712, doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa1960
Springel, V. 2020, MNRAS, 497, 1712, doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa1960
2020 doi
-
[10]
N., Rubin, K
Burchett, J. N., Rubin, K. H. R., Prochaska, J. X., et al. 2021, ApJ, 909, 151, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abd4e0
2021 doi
-
[11]
N., Tripp, T
Burchett, J. N., Tripp, T. M., Bordoloi, R., et al. 2016, ApJ, 832, 124, doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/832/2/124
2016 doi
-
[12]
N., Tripp, T
Burchett, J. N., Tripp, T. M., Prochaska, J. X., et al. 2019, ApJL, 877, L20, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab1f7f
2019 doi
-
[13]
S., & Quinn, T
Butsky, I. S., & Quinn, T. R. 2018, ApJ, 868, 108, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaeac2
2018 doi
-
[14]
2018, ApJL, 861, L3, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aacce6
Cai, Z., Hamden, E., Matuszewski, M., et al. 2018, ApJL, 861, L3, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aacce6
2018 doi
-
[15]
D., et al
Chadayammuri, U., Bogd´ an,´A., Oppenheimer, B. D., et al. 2022, ApJL, 936, L15, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac8936
2022 doi
-
[16]
K., Kereˇ s, D., Gurvich, A
Chan, T. K., Kereˇ s, D., Gurvich, A. B., et al. 2022, MNRAS, 517, 597, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stac2236
2022 doi
-
[17]
K., Kereˇ s, D., Hopkins, P
Chan, T. K., Kereˇ s, D., Hopkins, P. F., et al. 2019, MNRAS, 488, 3716, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz1895
2019 doi
-
[18]
2001, MNRAS, 323, 93, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04090.x
Churazov, E., Haehnelt, M., Kotov, O., & Sunyaev, R. 2001, MNRAS, 323, 93, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04090.x
2001
-
[19]
Kacprzak, G. G. 2013, ApJ, 779, 87, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/779/1/87
2013 doi
-
[20]
2022, A&A, 666, A156, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243101
Comparat, J., Truong, N., Merloni, A., et al. 2022, A&A, 666, A156, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243101
2022 doi
-
[21]
2022, Nature Astronomy, 6, 1035, doi: 10.1038/s41550-022-01719-7
Connor, L., & Ravi, V. 2022, Nature Astronomy, 6, 1035, doi: 10.1038/s41550-022-01719-7
2022 doi
-
[22]
A., & van de Voort, F
Crain, R. A., & van de Voort, F. 2023, ARA&A, 61, 473, doi: 10.1146/annurev-astro-041923-043618
2023 doi
-
[23]
A., Schaye, J., Bower, R
Crain, R. A., Schaye, J., Bower, R. G., et al. 2015, MNRAS, 450, 1937, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv725
2015 doi
-
[24]
Dalcin, L., & Fang, Y.-L. L. 2021, Computing in Science and Engineering, 23, 47, doi: 10.1109/MCSE.2021.3083216
2021
-
[25]
2020, ApJ, 897, 63, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab93d2
Das, S., Mathur, S., & Gupta, A. 2020, ApJ, 897, 63, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab93d2
2020 doi
-
[26]
2019, ApJ, 885, 108, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab48df Dav´ e, R., Angl´ es-Alc´ azar, D., Narayanan, D., et al
Das, S., Mathur, S., Gupta, A., et al. 2019, ApJ, 885, 108, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab48df Dav´ e, R., Angl´ es-Alc´ azar, D., Narayanan, D., et al. 2019, MNRAS, 486, 2827, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz937
2019 doi
-
[27]
J., Crain, R
Davies, J. J., Crain, R. A., Oppenheimer, B. D., & Schaye, J. 2020, MNRAS, 491, 4462, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz3201
2020 doi
-
[28]
2018, MNRAS, 473, 1930, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx2482 Faucher-Gigu` ere, C.-A., & Oh, S
El-Badry, K., Quataert, E., Wetzel, A., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 473, 1930, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx2482 Faucher-Gigu` ere, C.-A., & Oh, S. P. 2023, ARA&A, 61, 131, doi: 10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-125203
2018 doi
- [29]
-
[30]
R., Ji, L., Smith, R
Foster, A. R., Ji, L., Smith, R. K., & Brickhouse, N. S. 2012, ApJ, 756, 128, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/128
2012 doi
-
[31]
F., Wetzel, A., et al
Garrison-Kimmel, S., Hopkins, P. F., Wetzel, A., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 481, 4133, doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty2513
2018 doi
-
[32]
R., Millman, K
Harris, C. R., Millman, K. J., van der Walt, S. J., et al. 2020, Nature, 585, 357, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2
2020 doi
-
[33]
2016, ApJ, 828, 49, doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/49
Hayes, M., Melinder, J., ¨Ostlin, G., et al. 2016, ApJ, 828, 49, doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/49
2016 doi
- [34]
-
[35]
F., Chan, T
Hopkins, P. F., Chan, T. K., Ji, S., et al. 2021, MNRAS, 501, 3640, doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa3690
2021 doi
-
[36]
F., Kereˇ s, D., O˜ norbe, J., et al
Hopkins, P. F., Kereˇ s, D., O˜ norbe, J., et al. 2014, MNRAS, 445, 581, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu1738 28
2014 doi
-
[37]
F., Quataert, E., Ponnada, S
Hopkins, P. F., Quataert, E., Ponnada, S. B., & Silich, E. 2025, arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2501.18696. https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.18696
2025
-
[38]
F., & Raives, M
Hopkins, P. F., & Raives, M. J. 2016, MNRAS, 455, 51, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv2180
2016 doi
-
[39]
F., Wetzel, A., Kereˇ s, D., et al
Hopkins, P. F., Wetzel, A., Kereˇ s, D., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 480, 800, doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty1690
2018 doi
-
[40]
F., Chan, T
Hopkins, P. F., Chan, T. K., Garrison-Kimmel, S., et al. 2020, MNRAS, 492, 3465, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz3321
2020 doi
-
[41]
B., Bryan, G
Hummels, C. B., Bryan, G. L., Smith, B. D., & Turk, M. J. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 1548, doi: 10.1093/mnras/sts702
2013 doi
-
[42]
B., Smith, B
Hummels, C. B., Smith, B. D., Hopkins, P. F., et al. 2019, ApJ, 882, 156, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab378f
2019 doi
-
[43]
J., Buote, D
Humphrey, P. J., Buote, D. A., Canizares, C. R., Fabian, A. C., & Miller, J. M. 2011, ApJ, 729, 53, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/729/1/53
2011 doi
-
[44]
Hunter, J. D. 2007, Computing in Science and Engineering, 9, 90, doi: 10.1109/MCSE.2007.55
2007 doi
-
[45]
P., & Masterson, P
Ji, S., Oh, S. P., & Masterson, P. 2019, MNRAS, 487, 737, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz1248
2019 doi
-
[46]
K., Hummels, C
Ji, S., Chan, T. K., Hummels, C. B., et al. 2020, MNRAS, 496, 4221, doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa1849
2020 doi
-
[47]
2019, MNRAS, 482, 4972, doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty2992
Khabibullin, I., & Churazov, E. 2019, MNRAS, 482, 4972, doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty2992
2019 doi
- [48]
-
[49]
Anderson, M. E. 2018, ApJL, 855, L24, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aab2af
2018 doi
-
[50]
N., Wang, Q
Li, J.-T., Bregman, J. N., Wang, Q. D., et al. 2017, ApJS, 233, 20, doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/aa96fc
2017 doi
-
[51]
S., Kereˇ s, D., Hopkins, P
Lu, Y. S., Kereˇ s, D., Hopkins, P. F., et al. 2025, arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2505.13597, doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2505.13597
2025 doi
-
[52]
L., Kereˇ s, D., Faucher-Gigu` ere, C.-A., et al
Muratov, A. L., Kereˇ s, D., Faucher-Gigu` ere, C.-A., et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2691, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv2126
2015 doi
-
[53]
2019, MNRAS, 490, 3234, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz2306
Nelson, D., Pillepich, A., Springel, V., et al. 2019, MNRAS, 490, 3234, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz2306
2019 doi
-
[54]
Murphy, M. T. 2013, ApJ, 776, 114, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/776/2/114
2013 doi
-
[55]
D., & Schaye, J
Oppenheimer, B. D., & Schaye, J. 2013, MNRAS, 434, 1043, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt1043
2013 doi
-
[56]
D., Crain, R
Oppenheimer, B. D., Crain, R. A., Schaye, J., et al. 2016, MNRAS, 460, 2157, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw1066
2016 doi
-
[57]
E., Hayward, C
Orr, M. E., Hayward, C. C., Medling, A. M., et al. 2020, MNRAS, 496, 1620, doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa1619
2020 doi
-
[58]
S., Corlies, L., Tumlinson, J., et al
Peeples, M. S., Corlies, L., Tumlinson, J., et al. 2019, ApJ, 873, 129, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0654
2019 doi
-
[59]
2021, MNRAS, 508, 4667, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab2779
Pillepich, A., Nelson, D., Truong, N., et al. 2021, MNRAS, 508, 4667, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab2779
2021 doi
-
[60]
2018, MNRAS, 473, 4077, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx2656
Pillepich, A., Springel, V., Nelson, D., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 473, 4077, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx2656
2018 doi
-
[61]
2019, MNRAS, 490, 3196, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz2338
Pillepich, A., Nelson, D., Springel, V., et al. 2019, MNRAS, 490, 3196, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz2338
2019 doi
-
[62]
2024, MNRAS, 535, 1721, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stae2165 Planck Collaboration, Ade, P
Pillepich, A., Sotillo-Ramos, D., Ramesh, R., et al. 2024, MNRAS, 535, 1721, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stae2165 Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., et al. 2014, A&A, 571, A16, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201321591 —. 2016, A&A, 594, A13, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201525830
2024 doi
-
[63]
B., Panopoulou, G
Ponnada, S. B., Panopoulou, G. V., Butsky, I. S., et al. 2022, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 516, 4417, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stac2448
2022 doi
-
[64]
S., Kilbourne, C
Porter, F. S., Kilbourne, C. A., Chiao, M., et al. 2024, in Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series, Vol. 13093, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2024: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, ed. J.-W. A. den Herder, S. Nikzad, & K. Nakazawa, 130931K,...
2024 doi
-
[65]
2019, ApJ, 872, 88, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aafb30 Roca-F` abrega, S., Kim, J.-H., Hausammann, L., et al
Ravi, V. 2019, ApJ, 872, 88, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aafb30 Roca-F` abrega, S., Kim, J.-H., Hausammann, L., et al. 2021, ApJ, 917, 64, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac088a
2019 doi
-
[66]
Rupke, D. S. N., Coil, A., Geach, J. E., et al. 2019, Nature, 574, 643, doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1686-1
2019 doi
-
[67]
Salem, M., & Bryan, G. L. 2014, MNRAS, 437, 3312, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt2121
2014 doi
-
[68]
L., & Corlies, L
Salem, M., Bryan, G. L., & Corlies, L. 2016, MNRAS, 456, 582, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv2641
2016 doi
-
[69]
A., Bower, R
Schaye, J., Crain, R. A., Bower, R. G., et al. 2015, MNRAS, 446, 521, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu2058
2015 doi
-
[70]
A., et al
Schellenberger, G., Bogd´ an,´A., ZuHone, J. A., et al. 2024, ApJ, 969, 85, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad4548
2024 doi
-
[71]
Raymond, J. C. 2001, ApJL, 556, L91, doi: 10.1086/322992
2001 doi
-
[72]
2010, MNRAS, 401, 791, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15715.x
Springel, V. 2010, MNRAS, 401, 791, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15715.x
2010
-
[73]
C., Adelberger, K
Steidel, C. C., Adelberger, K. L., Shapley, A. E., et al. 2000, ApJ, 532, 170, doi: 10.1086/308568
2000 doi
-
[74]
2021, ApJ, 911, 88, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abd776
Stern, J., Faucher-Gigu` ere, C.-A., Fielding, D., et al. 2021, ApJ, 911, 88, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abd776
2021 doi
-
[75]
T., Keeney, B
Stocke, J. T., Keeney, B. A., Danforth, C. W., et al. 2013, ApJ, 763, 148, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/763/2/148
2013 doi
-
[76]
F., Hayward, C
Su, K.-Y., Hopkins, P. F., Hayward, C. C., et al. 2017, MNRAS, 471, 144, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx1463
2017 doi
-
[77]
2015, MNRAS, 448, 895, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu2762 29
Suresh, J., Bird, S., Vogelsberger, M., et al. 2015, MNRAS, 448, 895, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu2762 29
2015 doi
-
[78]
2021, MNRAS, 508, 1563, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab2638
Hernquist, L. 2021, MNRAS, 508, 1563, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab2638
2021 doi
-
[79]
2023, MNRAS, 525, 1976, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad2216
Truong, N., Pillepich, A., Nelson, D., et al. 2023, MNRAS, 525, 1976, doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad2216
2023 doi
-
[80]
S., & Werk, J
Tumlinson, J., Peeples, M. S., & Werk, J. K. 2017, ARA&A, 55, 389, doi: 10.1146/annurev-astro-091916-055240
2017 doi
-
[81]
K., et al
Tumlinson, J., Thom, C., Werk, J. K., et al. 2011, Science, 334, 948, doi: 10.1126/science.1209840 —. 2013, ApJ, 777, 59, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/777/1/59
2011 doi
-
[82]
J., Smith, B
Turk, M. J., Smith, B. D., Oishi, J. S., et al. 2011, ApJS, 192, 9, doi: 10.1088/0067-0049/192/1/9 van de Voort, F., Springel, V., Mandelker, N., van den
2011 doi
-
[83]
C., & Pakmor, R
Bosch, F. C., & Pakmor, R. 2019, MNRAS, 482, L85, doi: 10.1093/mnrasl/sly190 van der Walt, S., Colbert, S. C., & Varoquaux, G. 2011, Computing in Science and Engineering, 13, 22, doi: 10.1109/MCSE.2011.37
2019 doi
-
[84]
K., Prochaska, J
Werk, J. K., Prochaska, J. X., Thom, C., et al. 2013, ApJS, 204, 17, doi: 10.1088/0067-0049/204/2/17
2013 doi
-
[85]
K., Prochaska, J
Werk, J. K., Prochaska, J. X., Tumlinson, J., et al. 2014, ApJ, 792, 8, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/8
2014 doi
-
[86]
K., Prochaska, J
Werk, J. K., Prochaska, J. X., Cantalupo, S., et al. 2016, ApJ, 833, 54, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/833/1/54
2016 doi
-
[87]
A., Schaye, J., & Oppenheimer, B
Wijers, N. A., Schaye, J., & Oppenheimer, B. D. 2020, MNRAS, 498, 574, doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa2456
2020 doi
-
[88]
C., Tumlinson, J., Peeples, M
Wright, A. C., Tumlinson, J., Peeples, M. S., et al. 2024, ApJ, 970, 70, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad49a3
2024 doi
-
[89]
2023, ApJ, 945, 87, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/acbc7d
Wu, X., & McQuinn, M. 2023, ApJ, 945, 87, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/acbc7d
2023 doi
- [90]
-
[91]
A., & Hallman, E
ZuHone, J. A., & Hallman, E. J. 2016, pyXSIM: Synthetic X-ray observations generator. http://ascl.net/1608.002
2016
-
[92]
A., Schellenberger, G., Ogorza lek, A., et al
ZuHone, J. A., Schellenberger, G., Ogorza lek, A., et al. 2024, ApJ, 967, 49, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad36c1 30 APPENDIX A. THE NEED FOR PHOTOIONIZATION IN X-RAY EMISSIVITY CALCULATIONS In the low-density warm/hot CGM, photoionization by the cosmic UV/X-ray background radiation...
2024 doi
Discussion (0). Sign in to comment.