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arxiv: 2510.23573 · v3 · submitted 2025-10-27 · 🧮 math.CO

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An ErdH{o}s--Szekeres type result for words with repeats

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classification 🧮 math.CO
keywords cdotswordoccurrencerepeatsdefineemphpatternsresult
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We prove an Erd\H{o}s--Szekeres type result for finite words over $\mathbb{N}$ with repeated values. Specifically, we define a \emph{repeat} in a word to be an occurrence of a value which is not its first occurrence. We define an occurrence of a \emph{pattern} $\pi$ in a word $w$ to be a (not necessarily consecutive) subword of $w$ that is order isomorphic to $\pi$. In this note, we show that every word with $kn^6+1$ repeats contains one of the following patterns: $0^{k+2}$, $0011\cdots nn$, $nn\cdots1100$, $012 \cdots n012 \cdots n$, $012 \cdots nn\cdots 210$, $n\cdots 210012\cdots n$, $n\cdots 210n\cdots 210$. Moreover, when $k=1$, we show that this is best possible by constructing a word with $n^6$ repeats that does not contain any of these patterns.

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