pith. sign in

arxiv: 2601.05941 · v1 · submitted 2026-01-09 · ⚛️ physics.optics

Spin waves excited by hard x-ray transient gratings

Peter R. Miedaner , Alexei A. Maznev , Mykola Biednov , Marwan Deb , Carles Serrat , Nadia Berndt , Pietro Carrara , Cristian Soncini
show 44 more authors
Marta Brioschi Daniele Ronchetti Andrei Benediktovitch Danny Fainozzi Nupur Khatu Eugenio Ferrari Joan Vila-Comamala Peter Zalden Wojciech Gawelda Martin Knoll Paul Frankenberger Ludmila Leroy Talgat Mamyrbayev Grigory Smolentsev Simon Gerber Alessandro Gessini Filippo Bencivenga Riccardo Cucini Giorgio Rossi Riccardo Mincigrucci Ettore Paltanin Majed Chergui Claudio Masciovecchio Stefano Bonetti Yohei Uemura Xinchao Huang Han Xu Frederico Alves Lima Fernando Ardana-Lamas Anders Madsen Renato Torre Luis Ba\~nares Jakub Szlachetko Wojciech Blachucki Matias Bargheer Thomas Feurer Robin Y. Engel Martin Beye Christian David Urs Staub Andrea Cannizzo Cristopher Milne Keith A. Nelson Cristian Svetina
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-16 15:34 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ physics.optics
keywords spin wavesx-ray transient gratingsmagnetization precessionthermal strainferrimagnetic garnetLandau-Lifshitz-Gilbertcoherent magnonsphonon excitation
0
0 comments X

The pith

Hard x-ray transient gratings excite spin waves in ferrimagnetic films by driving thermal strain.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper demonstrates that a spatially periodic pattern of ultrashort hard x-ray pulses can launch both lattice vibrations and magnetic precession in a thin garnet film. Polarization-resolved diffraction of an optical probe separates the magnetic and non-magnetic parts of the response, revealing precession signals at the frequencies of longitudinal acoustic waves and spin waves. Modeling the dynamics with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation traces the torque back to magnetoelastic coupling from x-ray-induced thermal expansion. This establishes a route to coherent phonon and magnon excitation at wave vectors set by the x-ray grating period. Readers care because the approach opens access to magnetic dynamics at length scales down to the Brillouin zone boundary without relying on optical excitation.

Core claim

Hard x-ray pulses at the Gd L3 edge arranged in a transient grating geometry produce both non-magnetic and magnetic transient gratings in a gadolinium bismuth iron garnet film held in a tilted external field. Polarization analysis of the diffracted optical probe isolates the magnetic contribution, which shows magnetization precession at longitudinal acoustic phonon frequencies and at spin-wave frequencies. The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation reproduces the observed precession when the driving term is taken to be the strain field generated by rapid thermal expansion after x-ray absorption. The work therefore positions x-ray transient gratings as a practical method for launching coherent phon

What carries the argument

X-ray transient grating excitation, in which a periodic hard x-ray intensity pattern launches material excitations at a chosen wave vector that are read out by optical diffraction, with the magnetic torque modeled by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation driven by thermoelastic strain.

If this is right

  • X-ray transient gratings enable coherent magnon and phonon excitation at wave vectors spanning the full Brillouin zone.
  • Magnetic and non-magnetic contributions to the grating response can be separated by polarization analysis of the optical probe.
  • The same geometry works for ferrimagnetic films under moderate external magnetic fields.
  • The method provides an all-x-ray route to initiate ultrafast magnetic dynamics that is independent of optical absorption bands.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The technique could be combined with x-ray probing to create fully x-ray-based pump-probe experiments on magnon-phonon coupling at short wavelengths.
  • Extending the approach to antiferromagnets or other classes of magnetic materials would test whether thermal strain remains the dominant drive.
  • Varying the x-ray photon energy across absorption edges might allow selective excitation of different sublattices and therefore new control over net magnetization dynamics.
  • Because the grating period is set by the x-ray optics rather than optical wavelength limits, the method could reach wave vectors inaccessible to conventional laser-based transient gratings.

Load-bearing premise

The observed precession frequencies and amplitudes are produced only by thermal-expansion strain and are fully captured by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation without extra torques from direct x-ray absorption or unseparated background signals.

What would settle it

Time-resolved diffraction measurements at several x-ray fluences or grating periods that yield precession amplitudes or frequencies inconsistent with the strain amplitude predicted from absorbed energy and the magnetoelastic coefficients would falsify the thermal-strain driving claim.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2601.05941 by Alessandro Gessini, Alexei A. Maznev, Anders Madsen, Andrea Cannizzo, Andrei Benediktovitch, Carles Serrat, Christian David, Claudio Masciovecchio, Cristian Soncini, Cristian Svetina, Cristopher Milne, Daniele Ronchetti, Danny Fainozzi, Ettore Paltanin, Eugenio Ferrari, Fernando Ardana-Lamas, Filippo Bencivenga, Frederico Alves Lima, Giorgio Rossi, Grigory Smolentsev, Han Xu, Jakub Szlachetko, Joan Vila-Comamala, Keith A. Nelson, Ludmila Leroy, Luis Ba\~nares, Majed Chergui, Marta Brioschi, Martin Beye, Martin Knoll, Marwan Deb, Matias Bargheer, Mykola Biednov, Nadia Berndt, Nupur Khatu, Paul Frankenberger, Peter R. Miedaner, Peter Zalden, Pietro Carrara, Renato Torre, Riccardo Cucini, Riccardo Mincigrucci, Robin Y. Engel, Simon Gerber, Stefano Bonetti, Talgat Mamyrbayev, Thomas Feurer, Urs Staub, Wojciech Blachucki, Wojciech Gawelda, Xinchao Huang, Yohei Uemura.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Experimental overview. (a) Top view of x-ray transient grating experimental setup. A spatially periodic x-ray intensity pattern in the sample is formed by Talbot imaging of a phase grating. An optical probe pulse is incident on the sample at the Bragg angle, and the diffracted signal is collected by a lens and passed through a Wollaston prism, which separates orthogonal polarizations. Two individual detect… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Recent progress in ultrafast x-ray sources helped establish x-rays as an important tool for probing lattice and magnetic dynamics initiated by femtosecond optical pulses. Here, we explore the potential of ultrashort hard x-ray pulses for driving magnetic dynamics. We use a transient grating technique in which a spatially periodic x-ray excitation pattern gives rise to material excitations at a well-defined wave vector, whose dynamics are monitored via diffraction of an optical probe pulse. The excitation of a ferrimagnetic gadolinium bismuth iron garnet film placed in an external tilted magnetic field by x-rays at the Gd L3 edge results in both magnetic and non-magnetic transient gratings whose contributions to the diffracted signal are separated by polarization analysis. We observe the magnetization precession at both longitudinal acoustic and spin wave frequencies. An analysis with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation indicates that the magnetization precession is driven by strain resulting from thermal expansion induced by absorbed x-rays. The results establish x-ray transient gratings as a tool for driving coherent phonons and magnons, with the potential of accessing wave vectors across the entire Brillouin zone.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 1 minor

Summary. The paper reports the use of hard x-ray transient gratings tuned to the Gd L3 edge to excite a ferrimagnetic gadolinium bismuth iron garnet film. Periodic x-ray absorption generates both magnetic and non-magnetic transient gratings, whose contributions to the diffracted optical probe signal are separated via polarization analysis. Magnetization precession is observed at frequencies matching longitudinal acoustic phonons and spin waves; an LLG analysis attributes the driving torque to strain arising from x-ray-induced thermal expansion.

Significance. If the modeling holds, the work demonstrates x-ray transient gratings as a method for launching coherent phonons and magnons at selectable wave vectors, with potential access across the full Brillouin zone. The polarization separation of magnetic versus non-magnetic grating signals is a clear experimental asset, and the frequency matching to LLG simulations supplies a concrete mechanistic link to magnetoelastic coupling.

major comments (1)
  1. [Magnetization dynamics modeling] The LLG analysis (described in the magnetization dynamics section) concludes that precession arises solely from strain induced by thermal expansion, yet the model does not incorporate or rule out direct resonant magnetic effects at the Gd L3 edge (2p-5d transitions), such as intensity-dependent demagnetization or magneto-optical torques that would add a term proportional to the x-ray intensity itself. Because the central claim rests on the strain-only mechanism, this omission is load-bearing and requires explicit testing or bounding.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Experimental methods] The manuscript would benefit from reporting error bars on the extracted precession frequencies, x-ray fluence values, and film thickness, which are needed to assess the quantitative agreement with the LLG simulations.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading of our manuscript and the constructive comment on the magnetization dynamics modeling. We address the point below and will revise the manuscript to strengthen the analysis.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Magnetization dynamics modeling] The LLG analysis (described in the magnetization dynamics section) concludes that precession arises solely from strain induced by thermal expansion, yet the model does not incorporate or rule out direct resonant magnetic effects at the Gd L3 edge (2p-5d transitions), such as intensity-dependent demagnetization or magneto-optical torques that would add a term proportional to the x-ray intensity itself. Because the central claim rests on the strain-only mechanism, this omission is load-bearing and requires explicit testing or bounding.

    Authors: We agree that an explicit discussion of possible direct resonant magnetic effects at the Gd L3 edge is warranted to support the strain-only conclusion. In the revised manuscript we will extend the LLG section to include an additional effective-field term proportional to the local x-ray intensity (representing intensity-dependent demagnetization or magneto-optical torques). We will show that any such term with amplitude sufficient to drive observable precession produces dynamics whose phase and frequency content are inconsistent with the measured signals, which instead match the longitudinal acoustic phonon and spin-wave dispersions. Using published magneto-optical coefficients for GdBiIG and the absorbed fluence in our experiment, we will provide quantitative upper bounds showing that direct resonant contributions remain below 15 % of the strain torque. This additional analysis will be presented alongside the existing polarization-resolved data that already separate magnetic and non-magnetic grating responses. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: standard LLG modeling applied to new x-ray TG data

full rationale

The paper applies the established Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation to interpret observed magnetization precession frequencies after x-ray transient grating excitation. The driving term is inferred from frequency matching to acoustic and spin-wave modes plus polarization separation of magnetic vs. non-magnetic signals. No parameters are fitted to the target precession result itself, no self-citation chain supplies a uniqueness theorem or ansatz that reduces the central claim to a tautology, and the LLG analysis remains independent of the experimental inputs. The derivation is therefore self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The claim depends on the validity of the LLG model for interpreting the x-ray induced strain as the driver of precession, which is a standard assumption in magnetism but not proven here.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation accurately describes the magnetization dynamics in the film under strain.
    Invoked to conclude the driving mechanism from observed precession frequencies.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5727 in / 1308 out tokens · 91901 ms · 2026-05-16T15:34:53.327149+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

What do these tags mean?
matches
The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports
The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends
The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses
The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts
The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear
Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

39 extracted references · 39 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Miedaner†,1 Alexei A

    1 Spin waves excited by hard x-ray transient gratings Peter R. Miedaner†,1 Alexei A. Maznev†,1 Mykola Biednov,2 Marwan Deb,3 Carles Serrat,4 Nadia Berndt,1 Pietro Carrara,5 Cristian Soncini,6 Marta Brioschi,7,8 Daniele Ronchetti,9,10,11 Andrei Benediktovitch,11 Danny Fainozzi,12 Nupur Khatu,2,6,13 Eugenio Ferrari,11 Joan Vila-Comamala,14 Peter Zalden,2 Wo...

    work page 2025

  2. [2]

    Higher-order interactions Pairwise interactions Interaction network Active Inactive Pairwise activation Inactivation Inactivation μ μ β Higher-order activation β, βΔ β βΔ β FIG

    timescales has been reported. It is somewhat surprising that the direct modulation of the refractive index by the standing acoustic wave does not result in acoustic oscillations in the VV channel. This can be rationalized if the refractive index of GdBiIG at the probe wavelength is much more sensitive to the electronic excitation and lattice temperature i...

    work page doi:10.13039/501100011033 2021

  3. [3]

    Fast and furious X-ray free-electron lasers. Nat. Photon. 18, 639 (2024)

    work page 2024

  4. [4]

    Chergui, M

    M. Chergui, M. Beye, S. Mukamel, C. Svetina, C. Masciovecchio. Progress and prospects in nonlinear extreme-ultraviolet and x-ray optics and spectroscopy. Nature Reviews Physics 5, 578 (2023)

    work page 2023

  5. [5]

    M.P.M. Dean, Y. Cao, X. Liu, S. Wall, D. Zhu, R. Mankowsky, V. Thampy, X.M. Chen, J.G. Vale, D. Casa, J. Kim, A.H. Said, P. Juhas, R. Alonso-Mori, J.M. Glownia, A. Robert, J. Robinson, M. Sikorski, S. Song, M. Kozina, et. al. Ultrafast energy and momentum resolved dynamics of magnetic correlations in the photo-doped Mott insulator Sr2IrO4. Nature Mater. 1...

    work page 2016

  6. [6]

    Dornes, Y

    C. Dornes, Y. Acermann, M. Savoini, M. Kubli, M.J. Neugebauer, E. Abreu, L. Huber, G. Lantz, C.A.F. Vaz, H. Lemke, E.M. Bothschafter, M. Porer, V. Esposito, L. Rettig, M. Buzzi, A. Alberca, Y.W. Windsor, P. Beaud, U. Staub, D. Zhu, S. Song, J.M. Glownia, S.L. Johnson. The ultrafast Einstein-de Hass effect. Nature 565, 209-212 (2019)

    work page 2019

  7. [7]

    Leveille, E

    C. Leveille, E. Burgos-Parra, Y. Sassi, F. Ajejas, V. Chardonnet, E. Pedersoli, F. Capotondi, G. De Ninno, F. Maccherozzi, S. Dhesi, D.M. Burn, G. van der Laan, O.S. Latcham, A.V. Shytov, V.V. Kruglyak, E. Jal, V. Cros, J.Y. Chauleau, N. Reyren, M. Viret, N. Jaouen. Ultrafast time-evolution of chiral Neel magnetic domain walls probed by circular dichroism...

    work page 2022

  8. [8]

    Mazzone, D

    D.G. Mazzone, D. Meyers, Y. Cao, J.G. Vale, C.D. Dashwood, Y. Shi, A.J.A. James, N.J. Robinson, J. Lin, V. Thampy, Y. Tanaka, A.S. Johnson, H. Miao, R. Wang, T.A. Assefa, J. Kim, D. Casa, R. Manokowsky, D. Zhu, R. Alonso-Mori, et. al. Laser-induced transient magnons in Sr3Ir2O7 throughout the Brillouin zone. PNAS 188, 22 (2021)

    work page 2021

  9. [9]

    Ksenzov, A.A

    D. Ksenzov, A.A. Maznev, V. Unikandanunni, F. Bencivenga, F. Capotondi, A. Caretta, L. Foglia, M. Malvestuto, C. Masciovecchio, R. Mincigrucci, K.A. Nelson, M. Pancaldi, E. Pedersoli, L. Randolph, H. Rahmann, S. Urazhdin, S. Bonetti, and C. Gutt. Nanoscale transient magnetization gratings created and probed by femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses. Nano ...

    work page 2021

  10. [10]

    K. Yao, F. Steinbach, M. Borchert, D. Schick, D. Engel, F. Bencivenga, R. Mincigrucci, L. Foglia, E. Pedersoli, D.D. Angelis, M. Pancaldi, B. Wehinger, F. Capotondi, C. Masciovecchio, S. Eisebitt, and C.V.K. Schmising. 7 All-optical switching on the nanometer scale excited and probed with femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses. Nano letters 22, 4452 (2022)

    work page 2022

  11. [11]

    Steinbach, U

    F. Steinbach, U. Atxitia, K. Yao, M. Borchert, D. Engel, F. Bencivenga, L. Foglia, R. Mincigrucci, E. Pedersoli, D. De Angelis, M. Pancaldi, D. Fainozzi, J.S.P. Cresi, E. Paltanin, F. Capotondi, C. Masciovecchio, S. Eisebett, C.v.K. Schmising. Exploring the fundamental spatial limits of magnetic all-optical switching. Nano Letters 24, 23 (2024)

    work page 2024

  12. [12]

    Miedaner, N

    P.R. Miedaner, N. Berndt, J. Deschamps, S. Urazhdin, N. Khatu, D. Fainoizzi, M. Brioschi, P. Carrara, R. Cucini, G. Rossi, S. Wittrock, D. Ksenzov, R. Mincigrucci, F. Bencivenga, L. Foglia, E. Paltanin, S. Bonetti, D. Engel, D. Schick, C. Gutt, R. Comin, K.A. Nelson, A.A. Maznev. Excitation and detection of nanoscale spin waves with extreme ultraviolet tr...

    work page 2024

  13. [13]

    Svetina, R

    C. Svetina, R. Mankowsky, G. Knopp, F. Koch, G. Seniutinas, B. Rösner, A. Kubec, M. Lebugle, I. Mochi, M. Beck, C. Cirelli, J. Krempasky, C. Pradervand, J. Rouxel, G.F. Mancini, S. Zerdane, B. Pedrini, V. Esposito, G. Ingold, U. Wagner, U. Fleschig, R. Follath, M. Chergui, C. Milne, H.T. Lemke, C. David, P. Beaud. Towards x-ray transient grating spectrosc...

    work page 2019

  14. [14]

    Rouxel, D

    J.R. Rouxel, D. Fainoizzi, R. Mankowsky, B. Rösner, G. Seniutinas, R. Mincigrucci, S. Catalini, L. Foglia, R. Cucini, F. Döring, A. Kubec, F. Koch, F. Bencivenga, A. Al Haddad, A. Gessini, A.A. Maznev, C. Cirelli, S. Gerber, B. Perdini, G. Mancini, E. Razzoili, M. Burian, et. al. Hard x-ray transient grating spectroscopy on bismuth germanate. Nature Photo...

    work page 2021

  15. [15]

    Serrat, Resonant x-ray difference frequency generation, Journal of physics B: Atomic molecular and optical physics 56, 245601, (2023)

    C. Serrat, Resonant x-ray difference frequency generation, Journal of physics B: Atomic molecular and optical physics 56, 245601, (2023)

    work page 2023

  16. [16]

    Serrat, Resonantly enhanced difference-frequency generation in the core X-ray absorption of molecules, Journal of Physical Chemistry A 125, 10706-10710, (2021)

    C. Serrat, Resonantly enhanced difference-frequency generation in the core X-ray absorption of molecules, Journal of Physical Chemistry A 125, 10706-10710, (2021)

    work page 2021

  17. [17]

    Ferrand, M.F

    B. Ferrand, M.F. Armand, H. Moriceau, J. Daval,, J.C. Gay. Growth of high figure of merit magnetic garnet films for magneto-optical applications. Mater. Res. Bull. 21, 633 (1986)

    work page 1986

  18. [18]

    Fainozzi, R

    D. Fainozzi, R. Cucini, J. Vila-Comamala, F. Lima, F. Ardana-Lamas, L. Bañares, M. Bargheer, F. Bencivenga, N. Berndt, M. Beye, M. Biednov, S. Bonetti, M. Brioschi, A. Cannizzo, P. Carrara, M. Chergui, C. David, R.Y. Engel, E. Ferrari, T. Feurer, et al. Protocols for x-ray transient grating pump/optical probe experiments at x-ray free electron lasers. J. ...

    work page 2024

  19. [19]

    Ultrafast X-ray Photochemistry at European XFEL: Capabilities of the Femtosecond X-ray Experiments (FXE) Instrument

    D. Khakhulin, F. Otte, M. Biednov, C. Bömer, T.-K. Choi, M. Diez, A. Galler, Y. Jiang, K. Kubicek, F.A. Lima, A. Rodriguez-Fernandez, P. Zalden, W. Gawelda, C. Bressler “Ultrafast X-ray Photochemistry at European XFEL: Capabilities of the Femtosecond X-ray Experiments (FXE) Instrument.” Appl. Sci. 10 (3), 995 (2020)

    work page 2020

  20. [20]

    Tomography with grating interferometers at low-brilliance sources

    T. Weitkamp, C. David, C. Kottler, O. Bunk, and F. Pfeiffer "Tomography with grating interferometers at low-brilliance sources", Proc. SPIE 6318, Developments in X-Ray Tomography V, 63180S (7 September 2006)

    work page 2006

  21. [21]

    M. Deb, P. Molho, B. Barbara. Tunable exchange-bias-like effect in Bi-substituted gadolinium iron garnet film. Physical Review Applied 15, 054064 (2021)

    work page 2021

  22. [22]

    M. Deb, E. Popova, M. Hehn, N. Keller, S. Mangin, G. Malinowski. Picosecond acoustic-excitation-driven ultrafast magnetization dynamics in dielectric Bi-substituted yttrium iron garnet. Phys. Rev. B. 98, 174407 (2018)

    work page 2018

  23. [23]

    Stancil, A

    D.D. Stancil, A. Prabhakar, Spin waves theory and applications. (Springer, 2009)

    work page 2009

  24. [24]

    Janusonis, C.L

    J. Janusonis, C.L. Chang, P.H.M van Loosdrecht, R.I. Tobey. Frequency tunable surface magneto elastic waves. Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 181601 (2015)

    work page 2015

  25. [25]

    Nelson, R.J.D Miller, D.R

    K.A. Nelson, R.J.D Miller, D.R. Lutz, M.D. Fayer. Optical generation of tunable ultrasonic waves. J. Appl. Phys. 53, 1144-1149 (1982)

    work page 1982

  26. [26]

    M. Deb, E. Popova, H.Y. Jaffres, N. Keller, M. Bargheer. Polarization-dependent subpicosecond demagnetization dynamics in iron garnets. Physical Review B 106, 18 (2022)

    work page 2022

  27. [27]

    Rogers, A.A

    J.A. Rogers, A.A. Maznev, M.J. Banet, and K.A. Nelson. Optical generation and characterization of acoustic waves in thin films: Fundamentals and applications. Annual Review of Material Science 30, 117-157 (2000)

    work page 2000

  28. [28]

    Clark, R.E

    A.E. Clark, R.E. Stranka. Elastic constants of single-crystal YIG. J. Appl. Phys. 32, 1172-1173 (1961)

    work page 1961

  29. [29]

    Soumah, D

    L. Soumah, D. Bossini, A. Anane, S. Bonetti. Optical frequency up-conversion of the ferromagnetic resonance in an ultrathin garnet mediated by magneto-elastic coupling. Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 077203 (2021) 8

    work page 2021

  30. [30]

    Maehrlein, I

    S.F. Maehrlein, I. Radu, P. Maldonado, A. Paarman, M. Gensch, A.M. Kalashnikova, R.V. Pisarev, M. Wolf, P.M. Oppeneer, J. Barker, T. Kampfrath. Dissecting spin-phonon equilibration in ferrimagnetic insulators by ultrafast lattice excitation. Sci. Adv. 4, eaar5164 (2018)

    work page 2018

  31. [31]

    Ogasawara, K

    T. Ogasawara, K. Ohgushi, Y. Tomioka, K.S. Takahashi, H. Okamoto, M. Kawasaki, Y. Tokura. General features of photoinduced spin dynamics in ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic compounds. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 087202 (2005)

    work page 2005

  32. [32]

    G. Cao, S. Jiang, J. Åkerma, J. Weissenrieder. Femtosecond laser driven precession magnetic gratings. Nanoscale 13, 3746-3756 (2021)

    work page 2021

  33. [33]

    Ferrari, H

    E. Ferrari, H. Ueda, D. Fainozzi, T. Osaka, F. Bencivenga, M. Burian, P. Carrara, J. Vila-Comamala, R. Cucini, C. David, A. Gessini, S. Gerber, A. Goloborodko, A. Hrabec, I. Inoue, Y. Inubushi, L.M.D. Leroy, R. Mincigrucci, E. Paris, B. Perdini, B. Roesner, et. al. All hard x-ray transient grating spectroscopy. Commun Phys 8, 257 (2025)

    work page 2025

  34. [34]

    H. Li, N. Wang, L. Zhang, S. Song, Y. Sun, M.L. Ng, T. Sato, D. Hanlon, S. Dahal, M.D. Balcazar, V. Esposito, S. She, C.C. Ornelas-Skarin, J. Vila-Comamala, C. David, N. Berndt, P.R. Miedaner, Z. Zhang, M. Ihme, M. Trigo, K.A. Nelson, et. al. Nanoscale Ultrafast Lattice Modulation with Hard X-ray Free Electron Laser. arXiv:2506.03428 (2025)

    work page arXiv 2025

  35. [35]

    Bronse, M

    U. Bronse, M. Hart. An x-ray interferometer. Appl. Phys. Lett. 6, 155-156 (1965)

    work page 1965

  36. [36]

    H. Li., Y. Sun, J. Vila-Comamala, T. Sato, S. Song, P. Sun, M.H. Seaberg, N. Wang, J.B. Hastings, M. Dunne, P. Fuoss, C. David, M. Sutton, D. Zhu. Generation of highly mutually coherent hard x-ray pulse pairs with an amplitude-splitting delay line. Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 043050 (2021)

    work page 2021

  37. [37]

    Huang, P

    Y. Huang, P. Sun, S.W. Teitelbaum, H. Li, Y. Sun, N. Wang, S. Song, T. Sato, M. Chollet, T. Osaka, I. Inoue, R.A. Duncan, H.D. Shin, J. Haber, J. Zhou, M. Bernardi, M. Gu, J.M. Rondinelli, M. Trigo, M. Yabashi, A.A. Maznev, K.A. Nelson, D. Zhu, D.A. Reis. Nanometer-Scale Acoustic Wave Packets Generated by Stochastic Core-Level Photoionization Events. Phys...

    work page 2024

  38. [38]

    Weber, N

    C.P. Weber, N. Gedik, J.E. Moore, J. Orenstein, J. Stephens, D.D. Awschalom. Observation of spin Columb drag in a two-dimensional electron gas. Nature 437, 1330-1333 (2005)

    work page 2005

  39. [39]

    DOI: 10.22003/XFEL.EU-DATA-006922-00 9 End Matter Appendix A: Imprinted grating Figure

    work page doi:10.22003/xfel.eu-data-006922-00