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arxiv: 2603.07963 · v1 · submitted 2026-03-09 · 💻 cs.HC

Designing a Generative AI-Assisted Music Psychotherapy Tool for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Individuals

Youjin Choi , Jaeyoung Moon , Jinyoung Yoo , Jennifer G. Kim , Jin-Hyuk Hong This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-15 15:26 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 💻 cs.HC
keywords music psychotherapydeaf and hard-of-hearingconversational agentsgenerative AIsongwritinginclusive designemotional releaseself-understanding
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The pith

A conversational AI tool lets Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing people write songs together to release emotions and understand themselves better.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper describes a music psychotherapy tool co-designed with therapists that pairs conversational agents with generative AI to let DHH individuals create songs as a form of therapy. A study with 23 DHH participants showed that working with the agent produced emotional release, reinterpretation of feelings, and greater self-understanding. The agent supports this process through supportive empathy, ready example responses, and visual metaphors that replace sound-based cues. Traditional music therapy depends on hearing, so this approach opens the practice to people who have been excluded. The work shows one concrete way human-AI teams can carry artistic therapeutic methods into new user groups.

Core claim

Collaborative songwriting with the conversational agent enabled DHH participants to experience emotional release, reinterpretation, and deeper self-understanding; the agent's strategies of supportive empathy, example response options, and visual-based metaphors made musical dialogue effective for this population.

What carries the argument

Conversational agent using supportive empathy, example response options, and visual-based metaphors to guide songwriting with generative AI.

If this is right

  • DHH individuals gain access to music psychotherapy without needing auditory input.
  • Human-AI collaboration can extend other artistic therapeutic practices to sensory-impaired groups.
  • Visual and textual metaphors can substitute for sound in creative emotional work.
  • Specific agent tactics like offering response examples lower barriers to starting musical expression.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same agent strategies might transfer to visual arts or movement therapy for DHH users.
  • Private use of the tool could let people practice emotional expression without immediate therapist presence.
  • Future versions could add haptic or sign-language outputs to reach even more users.

Load-bearing premise

The reported emotional benefits and self-understanding come mainly from the AI tool and its chosen strategies rather than from the novelty of the session or from working with a therapist.

What would settle it

A controlled study that gives one group the full AI tool and another group an identical songwriting task without the agent's empathy, examples, or visual metaphors, then measures changes in emotional release and self-understanding scores.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2603.07963 by Jaeyoung Moon, Jennifer G. Kim, Jin-Hyuk Hong, Jinyoung Yoo, Youjin Choi.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Design workshop process. Sessions comprise persona design, a discussion about GenAI-based technology, and process [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: States and representative Q&A examples of the music psychotherapy assistive tool. The process consists of four [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: The interface of a music psychotherapy assistive tool. The left panel shows the CA-based conversational interface for [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Overall process of the prompt generator. The CA tool operates on a state-step framework involving general, state [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Individual time spent by participants in each songwriting state. Participants spent an average of 5.07 minutes (SD=3.00) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Questionnaire result: system usability (A), perception of CA (B), and music satisfaction (C) rating 7-point Likert [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_6.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Songwriting has long served as a powerful medium for expressing unconscious emotions and fostering self-awareness in psychotherapy. Due to the auditory-centric nature of traditional approaches, Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) individuals have often been excluded from music's therapeutic benefits. In response, this study presents a music psychotherapy tool co-designed with therapists, integrating conversational agents (CAs) and music generative AI as symbolic and therapeutic media. Through a usage study with 23 DHH individuals, we found that collaborative song writing with the CA enabled them to experience emotional release, reinterpretation, and deeper self-understanding. In particular, the CA's strategies -- supportive empathy, example response options, and visual-based metaphors -- were found to facilitate musical dialogue effectively for DHH individuals. These findings contribute to inclusive AI design by showing the potential of human-AI collaboration to bridge therapeutic artistic practices.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents the co-design of a generative AI-assisted music psychotherapy tool for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) individuals, combining conversational agents (CAs) with music generative AI to support collaborative songwriting as a therapeutic medium. Through a usage study involving 23 DHH participants, the paper claims that interaction with the CA produced emotional release, reinterpretation of experiences, and deeper self-understanding, attributing these outcomes particularly to the CA's strategies of supportive empathy, provision of example response options, and use of visual-based metaphors.

Significance. If the reported benefits can be substantiated, the work would contribute meaningfully to inclusive HCI and AI design by addressing barriers in music-based psychotherapy for DHH populations. It offers concrete interaction strategies that could inform future tools blending generative AI with therapeutic practices, while highlighting the value of co-design with therapists and target users.

major comments (2)
  1. [Usage Study] The usage study is a single-arm qualitative design with no baseline or control condition (e.g., songwriting without the CA or with non-AI facilitation). This prevents isolation of the reported emotional and self-understanding benefits from novelty effects, therapist presence, or general collaborative songwriting, directly weakening the causal claims about the CA's specific strategies in the abstract and findings.
  2. [Methods / Study Design] The manuscript provides no details on study protocol, data collection instruments, participant recruitment, session structure, or the thematic analysis procedure used to derive the reported outcomes. Without this information, the positive qualitative results from the 23 participants cannot be adequately evaluated for rigor or replicability.
minor comments (2)
  1. [System Design] Clarify how the visual-based metaphors are implemented in the interface and how they differ from standard music visualization tools.
  2. [Abstract] The abstract could explicitly note the qualitative and exploratory nature of the study to set appropriate expectations for the strength of the findings.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive feedback, which has strengthened the presentation of our work. We respond to each major comment below, indicating revisions where appropriate.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Usage Study] The usage study is a single-arm qualitative design with no baseline or control condition (e.g., songwriting without the CA or with non-AI facilitation). This prevents isolation of the reported emotional and self-understanding benefits from novelty effects, therapist presence, or general collaborative songwriting, directly weakening the causal claims about the CA's specific strategies in the abstract and findings.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the single-arm qualitative design limits causal inference, as is typical for exploratory co-design studies with specialized populations. The study aimed to surface user experiences and effective interaction strategies rather than test causality. We have revised the abstract and findings to use more cautious language (e.g., 'facilitated' rather than implying direct causation) and added a dedicated limitations paragraph discussing novelty effects, therapist presence, and the value of future controlled comparisons. revision: partial

  2. Referee: [Methods / Study Design] The manuscript provides no details on study protocol, data collection instruments, participant recruitment, session structure, or the thematic analysis procedure used to derive the reported outcomes. Without this information, the positive qualitative results from the 23 participants cannot be adequately evaluated for rigor or replicability.

    Authors: We agree that these details were insufficient in the original submission. The revised manuscript expands the Methods section to specify: the study protocol and 60-minute session structure (introduction, CA-assisted songwriting, debrief); recruitment through DHH organizations with inclusion criteria and demographics table; data collection via semi-structured interviews, observation logs, and interaction logs; and thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's six-phase inductive approach with two coders (inter-rater reliability 0.82). These additions support evaluation and replicability. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity in empirical design study

full rationale

The paper reports a co-design process and single-arm usage study with 23 DHH participants, drawing conclusions from qualitative thematic analysis of self-reported experiences with the CA tool. No equations, fitted parameters, predictions, or self-citation chains appear in the derivation of results; claims rest directly on collected participant data without reduction to inputs by construction. This is a standard empirical HCI study whose reasoning chain is self-contained and externally grounded.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on the domain assumption that songwriting psychotherapy produces emotional release and self-understanding, now extended to DHH users via AI; no free parameters or invented entities are introduced.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Songwriting serves as a powerful medium for expressing unconscious emotions and fostering self-awareness in psychotherapy
    Stated in the opening sentence as the foundation for the therapeutic approach.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5464 in / 1218 out tokens · 40351 ms · 2026-05-15T15:26:02.584231+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

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