pith. sign in

arxiv: 2604.19594 · v1 · submitted 2026-04-21 · ⚛️ physics.optics

Cross Waveguide Design for Color-Centers in Diamond for Photonic Quantum Computing

Alessio Miranda , Ryoichi Ishihara , Salahuddin Nur This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-10 01:31 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ physics.optics
keywords diamond color centerscross waveguideheterogeneous integrationphotonic quantum computingnanofabricationwaveguide designquantum photonicschiplet
0
0 comments X

The pith

A cross waveguide in diamond chiplets separates excitation and emission paths while delivering over 5.4% conversion efficiency for quantum circuits.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

Color centers in diamond have strong optical and spin properties useful for quantum computing, yet diamond is hard to shape into large or complex photonic circuits. The paper solves this by isolating the smallest possible diamond chiplet that holds the color center and using a cross waveguide to send excitation light in one direction while routing emitted photons out a perpendicular path. The authors optimize the waveguide and its receptor on the receiving chip so the whole assembly works together. If the design performs as simulated, it would let researchers combine diamond's quantum advantages with easier-to-fabricate materials, making scalable photonic quantum processors more practical.

Core claim

The authors present an optimization method for the cross waveguide inside a compact diamond chiplet and for the matching receptor; the resulting structure achieves more than 5.4% excitation-to-emission conversion, crosstalk below -40 dB, a 160 nm working bandwidth, mechanical stability, and a footprint under 2000 μm², all while staying within modern nanofabrication tolerances.

What carries the argument

The cross waveguide, which routes incoming excitation light to the color center and directs emitted photons into a separate output waveguide, serving as the optical interface for the diamond chiplet.

Load-bearing premise

The performance numbers from simulation will remain the same once the diamond chiplet is actually fabricated and attached to the receptor without extra losses from interfaces, defects, or alignment errors.

What would settle it

Fabricate the diamond chiplet with the cross waveguide, integrate it with a receptor on a separate platform, and measure the actual excitation-to-emission conversion efficiency and crosstalk to see whether they meet or exceed the simulated targets of 5.4% and -40 dB.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.19594 by Alessio Miranda, Ryoichi Ishihara, Salahuddin Nur.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: the operation of pick and place consists in fabricating (a) SiN receptor on SiO2 and (b) a separate diamond chiplet attached to its supporting frame; during operation the chiplet is removed from the frame by cracking the tethers along the dashed square and (c) is positioned on the receptor. Methodology of the simulation and optimization of the waveguides Simulations are performed using the ANSYS Lumerical … view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: (a) Dependence of effective refractive index for TE0 mode in diamond waveguides on width for thickness of 150 nm and 250 nm; (b) width for which only the fundamental mode is supported. 1. Optimization of the Multimode interferometer in the Cross waveguide 1.1 The necessity of focusing on the CC and minimizing crosstalk Cross waveguides are commonly used in photonics to separate input and output signals bec… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Color centers in diamond are a promising platform for quantum computing applications because of their optical and spin properties. However, diamond presents some technological challenges that limit its use in complex or large photonic circuits. To mitigate these limitations, it is technically effective to separate the smallest possible diamond photonic structures or chiplet containing the color center(s) from the rest of the circuit, which is fabricated on another material platform, and then heterogeneously integrate them. Considering efficient excitation and photon collection from waveguide-coupled color centers, we design a cross waveguide as the primary component of our chiplet to access the color centers, channeling excitation and emitted photons into different waveguides, and connecting the structure to the other components of the photonic circuit. The chiplet containing the cross waveguide and supporting structures requires careful optimization of each subcomponent. The receptor's design is also critical for optimal signal transmission. In this paper, we develop a simple but efficient methodology to optimize the main components constituting both the chiplet and the receptor for their synergistic operation. The designed structure has an excitation-to-emission conversion of more than 5.4%, crosstalk of less than -40 dB, a working bandwidth of 160 nm, fabrication feasibility and tolerance within the limits of modern nanofabrication, and a mechanical solid structure with a footprint of less than 2000 $\mu$m

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents an optimized cross-waveguide design embedded in a diamond chiplet for color centers, intended for heterogeneous integration with photonic circuits on other material platforms. It reports an excitation-to-emission conversion efficiency exceeding 5.4%, crosstalk below -40 dB, a 160 nm working bandwidth, fabrication tolerance within modern nanofabrication limits, and a compact footprint under 2000 μm², achieved via a methodology for jointly optimizing the chiplet subcomponents and the receptor structure.

Significance. If the simulated metrics are robust, the work could contribute to scalable photonic quantum computing by enabling efficient waveguide coupling to diamond color centers while separating the quantum emitter from the larger circuit, potentially reducing fabrication challenges associated with diamond. The component-level optimization approach may offer a reusable template for hybrid integration designs.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The central performance claims (>5.4% excitation-to-emission conversion and <-40 dB crosstalk) are stated as outcomes of the optimization but without any reference to the simulation method (e.g., FDTD parameters, mesh resolution, or convergence criteria), error bars, or validation against known benchmarks, rendering it impossible to assess whether the numbers are supported by the underlying models.
  2. [Design and Optimization sections] Design and Optimization sections: The reported metrics derive from component-level simulations of the cross-waveguide and receptor; the manuscript does not incorporate a full-system model of the heterogeneous integration step, including refractive-index discontinuities, possible air gaps at the bonding interface, or alignment tolerances (typically 10-100 nm), which directly affects whether the headline conversion and crosstalk figures can be expected to survive fabrication and assembly.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The final sentence is truncated at '2000 μm' and should read '2000 μm²' for the footprint.
  2. [Methodology] The description of the 'simple but efficient methodology' remains high-level; adding a flowchart or pseudocode for the optimization loop would improve reproducibility.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We are grateful to the referee for their insightful comments, which have helped us improve the manuscript. Below, we provide a point-by-point response to the major comments and indicate the revisions made.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The central performance claims (>5.4% excitation-to-emission conversion and <-40 dB crosstalk) are stated as outcomes of the optimization but without any reference to the simulation method (e.g., FDTD parameters, mesh resolution, or convergence criteria), error bars, or validation against known benchmarks, rendering it impossible to assess whether the numbers are supported by the underlying models.

    Authors: We concur that referencing the underlying simulation methodology would strengthen the abstract. Accordingly, we have updated the abstract to note that the results are obtained from 3D FDTD simulations with specified mesh settings and convergence checks. A more thorough description, including validation against known diamond waveguide benchmarks, has been added to the Methods section. As these are numerical simulations without stochastic elements, error bars are not reported; instead, we include a tolerance analysis. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Design and Optimization sections] Design and Optimization sections: The reported metrics derive from component-level simulations of the cross-waveguide and receptor; the manuscript does not incorporate a full-system model of the heterogeneous integration step, including refractive-index discontinuities, possible air gaps at the bonding interface, or alignment tolerances (typically 10-100 nm), which directly affects whether the headline conversion and crosstalk figures can be expected to survive fabrication and assembly.

    Authors: We acknowledge the importance of considering the full heterogeneous integration process. The current study optimizes the chiplet subcomponents and receptor assuming perfect bonding. We have revised the manuscript to include an analysis of the effects of refractive-index discontinuities and alignment tolerances (up to 100 nm), demonstrating that the conversion efficiency remains above 4% and crosstalk below -35 dB in most cases. Air gaps at the interface are discussed as a potential challenge, with suggestions for mitigation. However, performing a complete end-to-end simulation of the assembled system was not feasible within the scope of this work due to computational demands, and we have noted this limitation explicitly. revision: partial

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity; metrics are simulation outputs from optimization

full rationale

The paper describes a methodology to optimize the cross-waveguide chiplet and receptor for heterogeneous integration, presenting the >5.4% conversion, <-40 dB crosstalk, and 160 nm bandwidth as results of that optimization rather than inputs or self-defined quantities. No equations reduce any claimed performance to a fitted parameter by construction, no self-citations serve as load-bearing uniqueness theorems, and no ansatz or renaming of known results is invoked to force the outcome. The derivation chain is a standard simulation-driven design flow whose outputs are independent of the headline claims.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract-only review provides no explicit free parameters, axioms, or invented entities; the design appears to rest on standard electromagnetic simulation assumptions and fabrication tolerance limits common to the field.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5542 in / 1085 out tokens · 35820 ms · 2026-05-10T01:31:12.684626+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

79 extracted references · 79 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Diamond power devices: state of the art, modelling, figures of merit and future perspective,

    N. Donato, N. Rouger, J. Pernot, G. Longobardi, and F . Udrea, "Diamond power devices: state of the art, modelling, figures of merit and future perspective, " J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53, 093001 (2020)

    work page 2020

  2. [2]

    Thermally Stable Schottky Barrier Diode by Ru/Diamond,

    K. Ikeda, H. Umezawa, K. Ramanujam, and S. Shikata, "Thermally Stable Schottky Barrier Diode by Ru/Diamond, " Appl. Phys. Express 2, 011202 (2009)

    work page 2009

  3. [3]

    High temperature application of diamond power device,

    H. Umezawa, M. Nagase, Y . Kato, and S. Shikata, "High temperature application of diamond power device, " Diamond and Related Materials 24, 201–205 (2012)

    work page 2012

  4. [4]

    Diamond as an electronic material,

    C. J. H. Wort and R. S. Balmer, "Diamond as an electronic material, " Materials Today 11, 22–28 (2008)

    work page 2008

  5. [7]

    Diamond as a material for monolithically integrated optical and optomechanical devices,

    P . Rath, S. Ummethala, C. Nebel, and W. H. P . Pernice, "Diamond as a material for monolithically integrated optical and optomechanical devices, " Physica Status Solidi (a) 212, 2385–2399 (2015)

    work page 2015

  6. [8]

    Diamond Metal–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor With Breakdown Voltage Over 1.5 kV ,

    H. Umezawa, T. Matsumoto, and S.-I. Shikata, "Diamond Metal–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor With Breakdown Voltage Over 1.5 kV , " IEEE Electron Device Lett. 35, 1112–1114 (2014)

    work page 2014

  7. [9]

    The measurement of thermal properties of diamond,

    Y . Yamamoto, T. Imai, K. Tanabe, T. Tsuno, Y . Kumazawa, and N. Fujimori, "The measurement of thermal properties of diamond, " Diamond and Related Materials 6, 1057–1061 (1997)

    work page 1997

  8. [10]

    The CVD of Nanodiamond Materials,

    J. E. Butler and A. V . Sumant, "The CVD of Nanodiamond Materials, " Chemical Vapor Deposition 14, 145–160 (2008)

    work page 2008

  9. [12]

    Kramers-Kronig Analysis of Reflectance Data for Diamond,

    H. R. Phillip and E. A. Taft, "Kramers-Kronig Analysis of Reflectance Data for Diamond, " Phys. Rev. 136, A1445–A1448 (1964)

    work page 1964

  10. [13]

    Quantum networks based on CCs in diamond,

    M. Ruf, N. H. Wan, H. Choi, D. Englund, and R. Hanson, "Quantum networks based on CCs in diamond, " Journal of Applied Physics 130, 070901 (2021)

    work page 2021

  11. [14]

    Quantum nanophotonics in diamond [Invited],

    T. Schröder, S. L. Mouradian, J. Zheng, M. E. Trusheim, M. Walsh, E. H. Chen, L. Li, I. Bayn, and D. Englund, "Quantum nanophotonics in diamond [Invited], " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33, B65 (2016)

    work page 2016

  12. [15]

    Quantum computer based on CCs in diamond,

    S. Pezzagna and J. Meijer, "Quantum computer based on CCs in diamond, " Applied Physics Reviews 8, 011308 (2021)

    work page 2021

  13. [16]

    Integrated photonic devices in single crystal diamond,

    S. Mi, M. Kiss, T. Graziosi, and N. Quack, "Integrated photonic devices in single crystal diamond, " J. Phys. Photonics 2, 042001 (2020)

    work page 2020

  14. [17]

    Diamond integrated quantum photonics,

    A. D. Greentree, B. A. Fairchild, F . M. Hossain, and S. Prawer, "Diamond integrated quantum photonics, " Materials Today 11, 22–31 (2008)

    work page 2008

  15. [18]

    Solid-state electronic spin coherence time approaching one second,

    N. Bar-Gill, L. M. Pham, A. Jarmola, D. Budker, and R. L. Walsworth, "Solid-state electronic spin coherence time approaching one second, " Nat Commun 4, 1743 (2013)

    work page 2013

  16. [19]

    Robust all-optical single-shot readout of nitrogen- vacancy centers in diamond,

    D. M. Irber, F . Poggiali, F . Kong, M. Kieschnick, T. Lühmann, D. Kwiatkowski, J. Meijer, J. Du, F . Shi, and F . Reinhard, "Robust all-optical single-shot readout of nitrogen- vacancy centers in diamond, " Nat Commun 12, 532 (2021)

    work page 2021

  17. [20]

    Dynamic Quantum Operations at Elevated Temperatures Using Hot-Spot Nanoheating of CCs,

    F . D. Bello, D. D. A. Clarke, D. Wigger, and O. Hess, "Dynamic Quantum Operations at Elevated Temperatures Using Hot-Spot Nanoheating of CCs, " Nano Lett. 25, 13935–13942 (2025)

    work page 2025

  18. [21]

    Temperature dependence of optical centers in Ib diamond characterized by photoluminescence spectra,

    B. Dong, C. Shi, Z. Xu, K. Wang, H. Luo, F . Sun, P . Wang, E. Wu, K. Zhang, J. Liu, Y . Song, and Y . Fan, "Temperature dependence of optical centers in Ib diamond characterized by photoluminescence spectra, " Diamond and Related Materials 116, 108389 (2021)

    work page 2021

  19. [22]

    Wide-field magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy CCs with randomly oriented micro-diamonds,

    S. Sengottuvel, M. Mrózek, M. Sawczak, M. J. Głowacki, M. Ficek, W. Gawlik, and A. M. Wojciechowski, "Wide-field magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy CCs with randomly oriented micro-diamonds, " Sci Rep 12, 17997 (2022)

    work page 2022

  20. [23]

    Germanium-Vacancy CC in Diamond as a Temperature Sensor,

    J.-W. Fan, I. Cojocaru, J. Becker, I. V . Fedotov, M. H. A. Alkahtani, A. Alajlan, S. Blakley, M. Rezaee, A. Lyamkina, Y . N. Palyanov, Y . M. Borzdov, Y .-P . Yang, A. Zheltikov, P . Hemmer, and A. V . Akimov, "Germanium-Vacancy CC in Diamond as a Temperature Sensor, " ACS Photonics 5, 765–770 (2018)

    work page 2018

  21. [24]

    Temperature field ultrafast detection and identification quantum sensor based on diamond array,

    W. Gao, J. Tai, Z. Xiang, Y . Shi, X. Li, H. Wen, F . Deng, Z. Li, Z. Ma, H. Wang, W. Zhang, Z. Lou, H. Guo, J. Tang, L. Wang, and J. Liu, "Temperature field ultrafast detection and identification quantum sensor based on diamond array, " Microsyst Nanoeng 11, 244 (2025)

    work page 2025

  22. [25]

    Hybrid sensors based on colour centres in diamond and piezoactive layers,

    J. Cai, F . Jelezko, and M. B. Plenio, "Hybrid sensors based on colour centres in diamond and piezoactive layers, " Nat Commun 5, 4065 (2014)

    work page 2014

  23. [26]

    Coherent spin control of a nanocavity-enhanced qubit in diamond,

    L. Li, T. Schröder, E. H. Chen, M. Walsh, I. Bayn, J. Goldstein, O. Gaathon, M. E. Trusheim, M. Lu, J. Mower, M. Cotlet, M. L. Markham, D. J. Twitchen, and D. Englund, "Coherent spin control of a nanocavity-enhanced qubit in diamond, " Nat Commun 6, 6173 (2015)

    work page 2015

  24. [27]

    Quantum nanophotonics with group IV defects in diamond,

    C. Bradac, W. Gao, J. Forneris, M. E. Trusheim, and I. Aharonovich, "Quantum nanophotonics with group IV defects in diamond, " Nat Commun 10, 5625 (2019)

    work page 2019

  25. [28]

    Microwave Spin Control of a Tin-Vacancy Qubit in Diamond,

    E. I. Rosenthal, C. P . Anderson, H. C. Kleidermacher, A. J. Stein, H. Lee, J. Grzesik, G. Scuri, A. E. Rugar, D. Riedel, S. Aghaeimeibodi, G. H. Ahn, K. Van Gasse, and J. Vučković, "Microwave Spin Control of a Tin-Vacancy Qubit in Diamond, " Phys. Rev. X 13, 031022 (2023)

    work page 2023

  26. [29]

    Quantum Photonic Interface for Tin-Vacancy Centers in Diamond,

    A. E. Rugar, S. Aghaeimeibodi, D. Riedel, C. Dory, H. Lu, P . J. McQuade, Z.-X. Shen, N. A. Melosh, and J. Vučković, "Quantum Photonic Interface for Tin-Vacancy Centers in Diamond, " Phys. Rev. X 11, 031021 (2021)

    work page 2021

  27. [30]

    Transform-Limited Photons From a Coherent Tin-Vacancy Spin in Diamond,

    M. E. Trusheim, B. Pingault, N. H. Wan, M. Gündoğan, L. De Santis, R. Debroux, D. Gangloff, C. Purser, K. C. Chen, M. Walsh, J. J. Rose, J. N. Becker, B. Lienhard, E. Bersin, I. Paradeisanos, G. Wang, D. Lyzwa, A. R.-P . Montblanch, G. Malladi, H. Bakhru, A. C. Ferrari, I. A. Walmsley, M. Atatüre, and D. Englund, "Transform-Limited Photons From a Coherent...

    work page 2020

  28. [31]

    Photonic Indistinguishability of the Tin- Vacancy Center in Nanostructured Diamond,

    J. Arjona Martínez, R. A. Parker, K. C. Chen, C. M. Purser, L. Li, C. P . Michaels, A. M. Stramma, R. Debroux, I. B. Harris, M. Hayhurst Appel, E. C. Nichols, M. E. Trusheim, D. A. Gangloff, D. Englund, and M. Atatüre, "Photonic Indistinguishability of the Tin- Vacancy Center in Nanostructured Diamond, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 173603 (2022)

    work page 2022

  29. [32]

    Large-range tuning and stabilization of the optical transition of diamond tin-vacancy centers by in situ strain control,

    J. M. Brevoord, L. G. C. Wienhoven, N. Codreanu, T. Ishiguro, E. Van Leeuwen, M. Iuliano, L. De Santis, C. Waas, H. K. C. Beukers, T. Turan, C. Errando-Herranz, K. Kawaguchi, and R. Hanson, "Large-range tuning and stabilization of the optical transition of diamond tin-vacancy centers by in situ strain control, " Applied Physics Letters 126, 174001 (2025)

    work page 2025

  30. [33]

    Coupling of a single tin-vacancy center to a photonic crystal cavity in diamond,

    K. Kuruma, B. Pingault, C. Chia, D. Renaud, P . Hoffmann, S. Iwamoto, C. Ronning, and M. Lončar, "Coupling of a single tin-vacancy center to a photonic crystal cavity in diamond, " Applied Physics Letters 118, 230601 (2021)

    work page 2021

  31. [34]

    Narrow-Linewidth Tin-Vacancy Centers in a Diamond Waveguide,

    A. E. Rugar, C. Dory, S. Aghaeimeibodi, H. Lu, S. Sun, S. D. Mishra, Z.-X. Shen, N. A. Melosh, and J. Vučković, "Narrow-Linewidth Tin-Vacancy Centers in a Diamond Waveguide, " ACS Photonics 7, 2356–2361 (2020)

    work page 2020

  32. [36]

    Nonlinear Quantum Photonics with a Tin-Vacancy Center Coupled to a One-Dimensional Diamond Waveguide,

    M. Pasini, N. Codreanu, T. Turan, A. Riera Moral, C. F . Primavera, L. De Santis, H. K. C. Beukers, J. M. Brevoord, C. Waas, J. Borregaard, and R. Hanson, "Nonlinear Quantum Photonics with a Tin-Vacancy Center Coupled to a One-Dimensional Diamond Waveguide, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 023603 (2024)

    work page 2024

  33. [37]

    Advances in diamond nanofabrication for ultrasensitive devices,

    S. Castelletto, L. Rosa, J. Blackledge, M. Z. Al Abri, and A. Boretti, "Advances in diamond nanofabrication for ultrasensitive devices, " Microsyst Nanoeng 3, 17061 (2017)

    work page 2017

  34. [38]

    Design and fabrication of freestanding ultra- nanocrystalline diamond nanostructures applying to nano-electromechanical actuators,

    T. Ikeda and Y . Kanamori, "Design and fabrication of freestanding ultra- nanocrystalline diamond nanostructures applying to nano-electromechanical actuators, " Diamond and Related Materials 158, 112617 (2025)

    work page 2025

  35. [39]

    Quantum technologies with optically interfaced solid-state spins,

    D. D. Awschalom, R. Hanson, J. Wrachtrup, and B. B. Zhou, "Quantum technologies with optically interfaced solid-state spins, " Nature Photon 12, 516–527 (2018)

    work page 2018

  36. [40]

    The quantum internet,

    H. J. Kimble, "The quantum internet, " Nature 453, 1023–1030 (2008)

    work page 2008

  37. [41]

    Long-distance quantum communication with atomic ensembles and linear optics,

    L.-M. Duan, M. D. Lukin, J. I. Cirac, and P . Zoller, "Long-distance quantum communication with atomic ensembles and linear optics, " Nature 414, 413–418 (2001)

    work page 2001

  38. [42]

    Quantum internet: A vision for the road ahead,

    S. Wehner, D. Elkouss, and R. Hanson, "Quantum internet: A vision for the road ahead, " Science 362, eaam9288 (2018)

    work page 2018

  39. [43]

    Hybrid integration methods for on-chip quantum photonics,

    J.-H. Kim, S. Aghaeimeibodi, J. Carolan, D. Englund, and E. Waks, "Hybrid integration methods for on-chip quantum photonics, " Optica 7, 291 (2020)

    work page 2020

  40. [44]

    Two-Photon Interference from the Far-Field Emission of Chip-Integrated Cavity-Coupled Emitters,

    J.-H. Kim, C. J. K. Richardson, R. P . Leavitt, and E. Waks, "Two-Photon Interference from the Far-Field Emission of Chip-Integrated Cavity-Coupled Emitters, " Nano Lett. 16, 7061–7066 (2016)

    work page 2016

  41. [45]

    Large-scale integration of artificial atoms in hybrid photonic circuits,

    N. H. Wan, T.-J. Lu, K. C. Chen, M. P . Walsh, M. E. Trusheim, L. De Santis, E. A. Bersin, I. B. Harris, S. L. Mouradian, I. R. Christen, E. S. Bielejec, and D. Englund, "Large-scale integration of artificial atoms in hybrid photonic circuits, " Nature 583, 226–231 (2020)

    work page 2020

  42. [46]

    3D Integration for Modular Quantum Computer based on Diamond Spin Qubits,

    R. Ishihara, J. Hermias, S. Neji, K. Y . Yu, M. Van Der Maas, S. Nur, T. Iwai, T. Miyatake, S. Miyahara, K. Kawaguchi, and S. Sato, "3D Integration for Modular Quantum Computer based on Diamond Spin Qubits, " in 2023 IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference (IITC) and IEEE Materials for Advanced Metallization Conference (MAM)(IITC/MAM) (IEEE,...

    work page 2023

  43. [47]

    Qubit teleportation between non-neighbouring nodes in a quantum network,

    S. L. N. Hermans, M. Pompili, H. K. C. Beukers, S. Baier, J. Borregaard, and R. Hanson, "Qubit teleportation between non-neighbouring nodes in a quantum network, " Nature 605, 663–668 (2022)

    work page 2022

  44. [48]

    Realization of a multinode quantum network of remote solid-state qubits,

    M. Pompili, S. L. N. Hermans, S. Baier, H. K. C. Beukers, P . C. Humphreys, R. N. Schouten, R. F . L. Vermeulen, M. J. Tiggelman, S. Wehner, and R. Hanson, "Realization of a multinode quantum network of remote solid-state qubits, " (n.d.)

    work page

  45. [49]

    A diamond nanophotonic interface with an optically accessible deterministic electronuclear spin register,

    R. A. Parker, J. Arjona Martínez, K. C. Chen, A. M. Stramma, I. B. Harris, C. P . Michaels, M. E. Trusheim, M. Hayhurst Appel, C. M. Purser, W. G. Roth, D. Englund, and M. Atatüre, "A diamond nanophotonic interface with an optically accessible deterministic electronuclear spin register, " Nat. Photon. 18, 156–161 (2024)

    work page 2024

  46. [50]

    A scalable cavity-based spin–photon interface in a photonic integrated circuit,

    K. C. Chen, I. Christen, H. Raniwala, M. Colangelo, L. De Santis, K. Shtyrkova, D. Starling, R. Murphy, L. Li, K. Berggren, P . B. Dixon, M. Trusheim, and D. Englund, "A scalable cavity-based spin–photon interface in a photonic integrated circuit, " Optica Quantum 2, 124 (2024)

    work page 2024

  47. [51]

    Lumerical Inc.,

    "Lumerical Inc., " (n.d.)

    work page

  48. [52]

    Optical Properties of Silicon Nitride,

    H. R. Philipp, "Optical Properties of Silicon Nitride, " J. Electrochem. Soc. 120, 295 (1973)

    work page 1973

  49. [53]

    Silicon oxynitride; a material for GRIN optics,

    T. Bååk, "Silicon oxynitride; a material for GRIN optics, " Appl. Opt. 21, 1069 (1982)

    work page 1982

  50. [54]

    Tin-Vacancy Quantum Emitters in Diamond,

    T. Iwasaki, Y . Miyamoto, T. Taniguchi, P . Siyushev, M. H. Metsch, F . Jelezko, and M. Hatano, "Tin-Vacancy Quantum Emitters in Diamond, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 253601 (2017)

    work page 2017

  51. [55]

    Interspecimen Comparison of the Refractive Index of Fused Silica* ,†,

    I. H. Malitson, "Interspecimen Comparison of the Refractive Index of Fused Silica* ,†, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 1205 (1965)

    work page 1965

  52. [56]

    Determination of refractive index of silica glass for infrared wavelengths by IR spectroscopy,

    C. Z. Tan, "Determination of refractive index of silica glass for infrared wavelengths by IR spectroscopy, " Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 223, 158–163 (1998)

    work page 1998

  53. [57]

    Foundry-Enabled Patterning of Diamond Quantum Microchiplets for Scalable Quantum Photonics,

    J. Almutlaq, A. Buzzi, A. Khaykin, L. Li, W. Yzaguirre, M. Sirotin, G. Gilbert, G. Clark, and D. Englund, "Foundry-Enabled Patterning of Diamond Quantum Microchiplets for Scalable Quantum Photonics, " (2026)

    work page 2026

  54. [58]

    Directional coupler and multimode interference devices based on SiN: An approach to investigating fabrication tolerances,

    S. Najafi, M. Khaje, and A. Eslamimajd, "Directional coupler and multimode interference devices based on SiN: An approach to investigating fabrication tolerances, " Results in Optics 23, 100961 (2026)

    work page 2026

  55. [59]

    Single-Photon-Emitting Optical Centers in Diamond Fabricated upon Sn Implantation,

    S. D. Tchernij, T. Herzig, J. Forneris, J. Küpper, S. Pezzagna, P . Traina, E. Moreva, I. P . Degiovanni, G. Brida, N. Skukan, M. Genovese, M. Jakšić, J. Meijer, and P . Olivero, "Single-Photon-Emitting Optical Centers in Diamond Fabricated upon Sn Implantation, " ACS Photonics 4, 2580–2586 (2017)

    work page 2017

  56. [60]

    Broadband low loss and ultra-low crosstalk waveguide crossings based on a multimode interferometer for 840 nm operation,

    S. Nevlacsil, P . Muellner, M. Sagmeister, J. Kraft, and R. Hainberger, "Broadband low loss and ultra-low crosstalk waveguide crossings based on a multimode interferometer for 840 nm operation, " OSA Continuum 3, 334 (2020)

    work page 2020

  57. [61]

    State-of-the-Art and Perspectives on Silicon Waveguide Crossings: A Review,

    S. Wu, X. Mu, L. Cheng, S. Mao, and H. Y . Fu, "State-of-the-Art and Perspectives on Silicon Waveguide Crossings: A Review, " Micromachines 11, 326 (2020)

    work page 2020

  58. [62]

    Low-loss waveguide crossing using a multimode interference structure,

    H. Liu, H. Tam, P . K. A. Wai, and E. Pun, "Low-loss waveguide crossing using a multimode interference structure, " Optics Communications 241, 99–104 (2004)

    work page 2004

  59. [63]

    Optical multi-mode interference devices based on self-imaging: principles and applications,

    L. B. Soldano and E. C. M. Pennings, "Optical multi-mode interference devices based on self-imaging: principles and applications, " J. Lightwave Technol. 13, 615– 627 (1995)

    work page 1995

  60. [64]

    Cavity-enhanced emission and absorption of CCs in a diamond membrane with selectable strain,

    R. Berghaus, S. Sachero, G. Bayer, J. Heupel, T. Herzig, F . Feuchtmayr, J. Meijer, C. Popov, and A. Kubanek, "Cavity-enhanced emission and absorption of CCs in a diamond membrane with selectable strain, " Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034050 (2025)

    work page 2025

  61. [65]

    Laser spectroscopy of NV- and NV0 colour centres in synthetic diamond,

    E. Fraczek, V . G. Savitski, M. Dale, B. G. Breeze, P . Diggle, M. Markham, A. Bennett, H. Dhillon, M. E. Newton, and A. J. Kemp, "Laser spectroscopy of NV- and NV0 colour centres in synthetic diamond, " Opt. Mater. Express 7, 2571 (2017)

    work page 2017

  62. [66]

    Diamond particles as nanoantennas for nitrogen-vacancy CCs,

    J.-J. Greffet, J.-P . Hugonin, M. Besbes, N. D. Lai, F . Treussart, and J.-F . Roch, "Diamond particles as nanoantennas for nitrogen-vacancy CCs, " (2011)

    work page 2011

  63. [67]

    Diamond photonics platform based on silicon vacancy centers in a single-crystal diamond membrane and a fiber cavity,

    S. Häußler, J. Benedikter, K. Bray, B. Regan, A. Dietrich, J. Twamley, I. Aharonovich, D. Hunger, and A. Kubanek, "Diamond photonics platform based on silicon vacancy centers in a single-crystal diamond membrane and a fiber cavity, " Phys. Rev. B 99, 165310 (2019)

    work page 2019

  64. [68]

    Spectroscopic investigations of negatively charged tin-vacancy centres in diamond,

    J. Görlitz, D. Herrmann, G. Thiering, P . Fuchs, M. Gandil, T. Iwasaki, T. Taniguchi, M. Kieschnick, J. Meijer, M. Hatano, A. Gali, and C. Becher, "Spectroscopic investigations of negatively charged tin-vacancy centres in diamond, " New J. Phys. 22, 013048 (2020)

    work page 2020

  65. [69]

    Quantum Nanophotonic Interface for Tin-Vacancy Centers in Thin-Film Diamond,

    H. Lee, H. C. Kleidermacher, A. J. M. Stein, H. Oh, L. B. H. Wyatt, C. K. Kim, L. Basso, A. M. Mounce, Y . Wang, S. S. Su, M. Titze, A. C. B. Jayich, and J. Vučković, "Quantum Nanophotonic Interface for Tin-Vacancy Centers in Thin-Film Diamond, " (2025)

    work page 2025

  66. [70]

    Electronic-photonic circuit crossings,

    B. V . Lahijani, M. Albrechtsen, R. Christiansen, C. Rosiek, K. Tsoukalas, M. Sutherland, and S. Stobbe, "Electronic-photonic circuit crossings, " (2022)

    work page 2022

  67. [71]

    Adiabatic guided wave optics – a toolbox of generalized design and optimization methods,

    D. F . Siriani and J.-L. Tambasco, "Adiabatic guided wave optics – a toolbox of generalized design and optimization methods, " Opt. Express 29, 3243 (2021)

    work page 2021

  68. [72]

    A methodical approach to design adiabatic waveguide couplers for heterogeneous integrated photonics,

    J. Van Asch, A. Kandeel, J. He, J. Missinne, P . Bienstman, D. Van Thourhout, G. Van Steenberge, and J. Van Campenhout, "A methodical approach to design adiabatic waveguide couplers for heterogeneous integrated photonics, " J. Phys. Photonics 6, 045013 (2024)

    work page 2024

  69. [73]

    Bridging the gap between resonance and adiabaticity: a compact and highly tolerant vertical coupling structure,

    C. Yao, Q. Cheng, G. Roelkens, and R. Penty, "Bridging the gap between resonance and adiabaticity: a compact and highly tolerant vertical coupling structure, " Photon. Res. 10, 2081 (2022)

    work page 2081

  70. [74]

    Alignment-tolerant hybrid integration of a diamond quantum sensor on a silicon nitride photonic waveguide,

    K. Takada, R. Katsumi, K. Kawai, D. Sato, and T. Yatsui, "Alignment-tolerant hybrid integration of a diamond quantum sensor on a silicon nitride photonic waveguide, " Opt. Express 33, 22769 (2025)

    work page 2025

  71. [75]

    High-alignment-accuracy transfer printing of passive silicon waveguide structures,

    N. Ye, G. Muliuk, A. J. Trindade, C. Bower, J. Zhang, S. Uvin, D. Van Thourhout, and G. Roelkens, "High-alignment-accuracy transfer printing of passive silicon waveguide structures, " Opt. Express 26, 2023 (2018)

    work page 2023

  72. [76]

    Integrated dual-mode 3 dB power coupler based on tapered directional coupler,

    Y . Luo, Y . Yu, M. Ye, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, "Integrated dual-mode 3 dB power coupler based on tapered directional coupler, " Sci Rep 6, 23516 (2016)

    work page 2016

  73. [77]

    Compact high-performance adiabatic 3-dB coupler enabled by subwavelength grating slot in the silicon-on-insulator platform,

    L. Xu, Y . Wang, A. Kumar, E. El-Fiky, D. Mao, H. Tamazin, M. Jacques, Z. Xing, Md. G. Saber, and D. V . Plant, "Compact high-performance adiabatic 3-dB coupler enabled by subwavelength grating slot in the silicon-on-insulator platform, " Opt. Express 26, 29873 (2018)

    work page 2018

  74. [78]

    Compact and Ultra-Broadband 3 dB Power Splitter Based on Segmented Adiabatic Tapered Rib Waveguides,

    Z. Li, X. Fu, and L. Yang, "Compact and Ultra-Broadband 3 dB Power Splitter Based on Segmented Adiabatic Tapered Rib Waveguides, " Photonics 12, 476 (2025)

    work page 2025

  75. [79]

    Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of CVD diamond,

    C. A. Klein and G. F . Cardinale, "Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of CVD diamond, " Diamond and Related Materials 2, 918–923 (1993)

    work page 1993

  76. [80]

    High-Precision Density Determination of Natural Diamonds,

    R. Mykolajewycz, J. Kalnajs, and A. Smakula, "High-Precision Density Determination of Natural Diamonds, " Journal of Applied Physics 35, 1773–1778 (1964)

    work page 1964

  77. [81]

    Tensile and fatigue strength of free-standing CVD diamond,

    A. R. Davies, J. E. Field, K. Takahashi, and K. Hada, "Tensile and fatigue strength of free-standing CVD diamond, " Diamond and Related Materials 14, 6–10 (2005)

    work page 2005

  78. [82]

    The mechanical and strength properties of diamond,

    J. E. Field, "The mechanical and strength properties of diamond, " Rep. Prog. Phys. 75, 126505 (2012)

    work page 2012

  79. [83]

    The mechanical properties of various chemical vapor deposition diamond structures compared to the ideal single crystal,

    P . Hess, "The mechanical properties of various chemical vapor deposition diamond structures compared to the ideal single crystal, " Journal of Applied Physics 111, 051101 (2012)

    work page 2012