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arxiv: 2605.21940 · v1 · pith:KXP5RRTHnew · submitted 2026-05-21 · ⚛️ physics.flu-dyn

Vertical motion of a periodically driven floating disc

Pith reviewed 2026-05-22 03:36 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ physics.flu-dyn
keywords floating discvertical dynamicsperiodic forcingwavefieldFredholm integral equationadded masswave dampingeffective stiffness
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0 comments X

The pith

A linear inviscid wave model predicts the vertical oscillation amplitude of a periodically forced floating disc as a function of driving frequency.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper establishes a mathematical description of the water waves around a floating disc that is pushed up and down at a steady frequency. It converts the governing partial differential equations into a single integral equation that can be solved numerically to find the disc motion. The resulting amplitude-versus-frequency curve matches laboratory measurements closely. The same solution also supplies the effective added mass, wave damping, and restoring stiffness felt by the disc. These quantities are computed over a range of frequencies and given in closed form for the slow-driving limit.

Core claim

The axisymmetric inviscid wavefield around the disc satisfies a linear elliptic boundary value problem with mixed conditions: no penetration beneath the disc and standard free-surface conditions outside it. This system is recast as a second-kind Fredholm integral equation whose numerical solution yields the disc's vertical displacement amplitude as a function of forcing frequency. The computed amplitude-frequency relation agrees well with experiment. The same solution supplies frequency-dependent added-mass, wave-damping, and effective-spring coefficients, which are also obtained analytically in the low-frequency limit.

What carries the argument

Second-kind Fredholm integral equation obtained by reformulating the linear elliptic boundary-value problem for the axisymmetric velocity potential.

If this is right

  • The amplitude of vertical oscillation is a computable function of forcing frequency that can be read off from the integral-equation solution.
  • Added mass, wave damping and effective stiffness of the disc vary with frequency and approach explicit analytical values at low frequency.
  • The same integral-equation framework supplies the hydrodynamic loads needed for any similar axisymmetric floating body under periodic vertical drive.
  • Agreement between the computed curve and experiment supports the use of inviscid linear theory for this class of problems at moderate amplitudes.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same integral-equation technique could be adapted to predict the response of discs with different radii or densities without new experiments.
  • Frequency-dependent coefficients extracted here might be inserted directly into simple oscillator models for preliminary design of floating sensors or energy harvesters.
  • Relaxing axisymmetry in the integral formulation would allow treatment of tilted or laterally offset forcing while retaining the linear inviscid assumption.

Load-bearing premise

The wavefield stays perfectly axisymmetric and inviscid, obeying linear theory with no-penetration under the disc and free-surface conditions away from it.

What would settle it

Direct measurement of disc vertical position versus time at a forcing frequency where the model predicts a specific amplitude; systematic deviation larger than experimental uncertainty would contradict the central claim.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.21940 by Anand U. Oza, Daniel M. Harris, Eli Silver, Jack-William Barotta.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Schematic of the mathematical problem solved in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: (a) A schematic of the experimental setup. The floating disc is oscillated vertically, with its position tracked by a laser position sensor mounted directly above. (b) A zoomed-in view on the floating disc driven to oscillate via an AC coil and aligned with the center of the bath via a DC coil. (c) Experimental image of a disc of radius 𝑅 = 0.4 cm driven at 30 Hz. (d) Time traces of the vertical position o… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: The transmissibility (a) and phase lag (b) of a vertically driven disc, with different values of the fluid kinematic viscosity indicted by the different marker shapes. The insets show experiments with a fluid with kinematic viscosity 𝜈 = 13 cSt, for different values of the driving amplitude as indicated by circular markers of different sizes. The theoretical predictions for the corresponding dimensionless … view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: (a) Plot of the wavefield Re[𝐻(𝑟)] at the times 𝑡 = [2𝑛𝜋 − arg(𝑍)]/𝜔, at which the disc (red line) is at its maximum amplitude and has zero velocity, 𝜁 = |𝑍| and ¤𝜁 = 0. The parameters are Bo = 3 and Ω = 1. (b) Colormap shows the pressure with the hydrostatic contribution removed, Im[ΩΦ(𝑟, 𝑧)], at the same times. Gray lines show streamlines of the flow. Note that the horizontal axis is different to that in… view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: (a) The added mass coefficient 𝑀P of a driven disc as a function of the dimensionless frequency, Ω, for the different Bond numbers indicated in the legend. The black curve corresponds to the gravity-wave regime in which surface tension is neglected, Bo = ∞. (b) The dependence of the capillary spring constant 𝑘ST on Ω for different Bo. The inset shows the ratio of 𝑘ST to the static spring constant 𝑘 0 ST de… view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: (a) Dependence of the maximum oscillation amplitude of the disc [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p017_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Physical quantities in the low-frequency limit [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p018_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: (a-f) Transmissibility and phase lag for six different discs, with parameters listed in each plot legend. The mean values of the experimental data across six independent trials are shown as points, with one standard deviation shown as the shaded region between the means of the trials. The corresponding theoretical predictions are shown as the solid curves. The data in panels (a), (c), and (f) are also show… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We present the results of a combined theoretical and experimental investigation into the vertical dynamics of floating discs subjected to an imposed time-periodic forcing. The axisymmetric and inviscid wavefield is governed by a linear elliptic boundary value problem with mixed boundary conditions, wherein the no-penetration boundary condition is satisfied under the disc while the free surface boundary conditions are enforced away from it. The problem is solved by recasting the system of partial differential equations as a second-kind Fredholm integral equation which is then solved numerically. The solution furnishes a prediction for the dependence of the disc's oscillation amplitude on the forcing frequency, which exhibits excellent agreement with experiments. We interpret our results physically by computing the added mass, wave damping and effective spring coefficients of the disc, both numerically for a range of forcing frequencies and analytically in the low-frequency limit.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents a combined theoretical and experimental investigation of the vertical dynamics of a floating disc under imposed time-periodic forcing. The axisymmetric inviscid wavefield is governed by a linear elliptic boundary-value problem with mixed boundary conditions (no-penetration under the disc and free-surface conditions away from it). This system is recast as a second-kind Fredholm integral equation and solved numerically to obtain a prediction for the disc's oscillation amplitude as a function of forcing frequency. The predictions exhibit excellent agreement with independent experiments. Hydrodynamic coefficients (added mass, wave damping, and effective spring) are extracted both numerically across a frequency range and analytically in the low-frequency limit.

Significance. If the central results hold, the work supplies a validated, zero-parameter prediction for the amplitude-frequency response of a periodically forced floating disc together with physical insight into the relevant hydrodynamic coefficients. The combination of a standard linear water-wave formulation, numerical solution of the integral equation, independent low-frequency analytics, and direct experimental comparison strengthens the case for the applicability of the inviscid axisymmetric model. Such results are relevant to fluid-structure interaction problems in marine and offshore engineering.

minor comments (2)
  1. The abstract states that the numerical solution furnishes a prediction exhibiting 'excellent agreement with experiments,' yet provides no quantitative measures (e.g., RMS error, frequency range, or number of trials) that would allow readers to assess the strength of the validation.
  2. A summary table collecting the frequency-dependent added-mass, damping, and spring coefficients (both numerical and low-frequency analytic) would improve clarity and facilitate comparison with the forced-oscillator model.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive assessment of the manuscript, including the summary of the linear wave problem solution, the recognition of its significance for fluid-structure interaction, and the recommendation for minor revision. No specific major comments were provided in the report.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; derivation is self-contained

full rationale

The paper formulates the axisymmetric inviscid wavefield as a standard linear elliptic BVP with mixed boundary conditions, recasts it as a second-kind Fredholm integral equation, and solves numerically to extract hydrodynamic coefficients (added mass, wave damping, effective spring). These coefficients are inserted into the disc's forced-oscillator equation to obtain the amplitude-versus-frequency curve. Low-frequency analytical limits are derived independently. The resulting zero-parameter prediction is compared directly to separate experiments. No fitted parameters are renamed as predictions, no self-citations are load-bearing for the central result, and no step reduces by construction to its own inputs. The chain is externally falsifiable and does not rely on prior author work for uniqueness or ansatz.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The model rests on standard potential-flow assumptions for water waves; no free parameters or new entities are introduced in the abstract.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption The wavefield is axisymmetric and inviscid.
    Explicitly stated as governing the linear elliptic boundary value problem.
  • domain assumption Mixed boundary conditions: no-penetration under the disc and free-surface conditions away from it.
    Defines the elliptic problem solved by the Fredholm integral equation.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5674 in / 1170 out tokens · 48599 ms · 2026-05-22T03:36:52.320218+00:00 · methodology

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Reference graph

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