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arxiv: 2605.24258 · v1 · pith:BSXBCWJJnew · submitted 2026-05-22 · 🧮 math.CO · cs.CC

The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms

classification 🧮 math.CO cs.CC
keywords digraphfrugaltheoremdichotomydigraphsgeneralhomomorphismsstructural
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For an integer $t \geq 1$, a homomorphism of a digraph G to a digraph $H$ is $t$-frugal if no more than $t$ in-neighbours of any vertex of $G$ have the same image. There is a dichotomy theorem based on structural properties when $t=1$ and $H$ has a loop at each vertex, but there is unlikely to be such a theorem for general digraphs $H$. For $t \geq 2$ we describe a structural dichotomy theorem for $t$-frugal homomorphisms of general digraphs.

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