Internal Motions in Globular Clusters

Observations of internal motions in globular clusters offer unique insights into the dynamics of the clusters. We have recently developed methods of high-precision astrometry with HST's WFPC2 camera, which allow us to measure internal proper motions of individual stars. These new data open up many new avenues for study of the clusters. Comparison of the dispersion of proper motion with that of radial velocity offers what is potentially the best method of measuring cluster distances, but reliable results will require dynamical modeling of each cluster. Proper motions are much better able to measure anisotropy of stellar motions than are radial velocities. In 47 Tucanae we have measured thousands of proper motions near the center; their velocity distribution is remarkably Gaussian. In two outer fields we have begun to study anisotropy, which appears in the high velocities but not in the lower ones, contrary to the spheroidal velocity distributions that have commonly been assumed.