Disk-Driven Outflows in AGNs

Analysis of spectral absorption features has led to the identification of several distinct outflow components in AGNs. The outflowing gas is evidently photoionized by the nuclear continuum source and originates in the accretion flow toward the central black hole. The most likely driving mechanisms are continuum and line radiation pressure and magnetic stresses. The theoretical modeling of these outflows involves such issues as: (1) Which of the above mechanisms actually contributes in each case? (2) How is the gas uplifted from the underlying accretion disk? (3) How can the intense central continuum radiation be shielded to allow efficient radiative driving? (4) Is the outflow continuous or clumpy, and, if clumpy, what is the nature and dynamical state of the ``clouds''? This review summarizes recent theoretical and observational results that bear on these questions and outlines prospects for further progress.