Chemical Composition of the Early Universe

A prediction of standard inflationary cosmology is that the elemental composition of the medium out of which the earliest stars and galaxies condensed consisted primarily of hydrogen and helium 4He with small admixtures of deuterium, lithium 7Li, and 3He. The most red-shifted quasars, galaxies, and Ly-alpha absorbers currently observed, however, all exhibit at least some admixture of heavier elements, as do the most ancient stars in the Galaxy. Here we examine ways in which the abundance of these same elements, if present before the epoch of population III formation, might be observationally established or ruled out.