An Exploratory Chandra Survey of a Well-Defined Sample of 35 Large Bright Quasar Survey Broad Absorption Line Quasars

We present 4-7 ks Chandra observations of 35 Broad Absorption Line (BAL) quasars from the Large Bright Quasar Survey, the largest sample of sensitive, 0.5-8.0 keV X-ray observations of this class of quasars to date. The limited ranges in both redshift (z=1.42-2.90) and UV luminosity (a factor of ~12) of the sample also make it relatively uniform. Of 35 targets, 27 are detected for a detection fraction of 77%, and we confirm previous studies that find BAL quasars to be generally X-ray weak. Five of the eight non-detections are known low-ionization BAL quasars, confirming reports of extreme X-ray weakness in this subset (~10% of optically selected BAL quasars). Those BAL quasars with the hardest X-ray spectra are also the X-ray weakest, consistent with the interpretation that intrinsic absorption is the primary cause of X-ray weakness in this class of quasars as a whole. Furthermore, the observed trend is not consistent with simple neutral absorption, supporting findings from spectroscopic observations of individual targets that BAL quasars typically exhibit complex X-ray absorption (e.g., partially covering or ionized absorbers). In sum, high-ionization BAL quasars are typically neither intrinsically X-ray weak nor suffer from Compton-thick absorption. In general, we find no evidence for correlations between X-ray weakness and UV absorption-line properties, with the exception of a likely correlation between the maximum outflow velocity of CIV absorption and the magnitude of X-ray weakness. We discuss the implications of our results for disk-wind models of BAL outflows in quasars. (abridged)