The rich cluster of galaxies ABCG 85.I. X-ray analysis

We present an X-ray analysis of the rich cluster ABCG 85 based on ROSAT PSPC data. By applying an improved wavelet analysis, we show that our view of this cluster is notably changed from what was previously believed (a main region and a south blob). The main emission comes from the central part of the main body of the cluster on which is superimposed that of a foreground group of galaxies. The foreground group and the main cluster are separated (if redshifts are cosmological) by 46 1/h_50 Mpc. The southern blob is clearly not a group: it is resolved into X-ray emitting galaxies (in particular the second more luminous galaxy of the main cluster). Several X-ray features are identified with bright galaxies. We performed a spectral analysis and derived the temperature (T), metallicity (Z) and hydrogen column density NH. The global quantities are: T=4keV (in agreement with the velocity dispersion of 760km/s) and $Z=0.2Z_\odot$. We cannot derive accurate gradients for these quantities with our data, but there is strong evidence that the temperature is lower ($\sim 2.8 keV$) and the metallicity much higher (Z $\sim 0.8 Z_\odot$) in the very centre (within about 50 1/h_50 kpc). We present a pixel by pixel method to model the physical properties of the X-ray gas and derive its density distribution. We apply classical methods to estimate the dynamical, gas and stellar masses, as well as the cooling time and cooling flow characteristics. At the limiting radius of the image (1.4 1/h_50 Mpc), we find $M_{\rm Dyn}\sim (2.1-2.9)10^{14} 1/h_50 M$_{\odot}$, $M_{gas}/M_{Dyn}\sim 0.18 h_{50}^{-1.5}$. The stellar mass is $6.7\ 10^{12}M_{\odot}$, giving a mass to light ratio of $M/L_{V}\sim 300$. The cooling time is estimated for different models, leading to a cooling radius of 30-80 kpc depending on the