ASCA Measurements of Silicon and Iron Abundances in the Intracluster Medium

We analyzed the ASCA X-ray data of 40 nearby clusters of galaxies, whose intracluster-medium temperature distributes in the range of 0.9--10 keV. We measured the Si and Fe abundances of the intracluster medium, spatially averaging over each cluster, but excluding the central $\sim 0.15 h_{50}^{-1}$ Mpc region in order to avoid any possible abundance gradients and complex temperature structures. The Fe abundances of these clusters are 0.2--0.3 solar, with only weak dependence on the temperature of the intracluster medium, hence on the cluster richness. In contrast, the Si abundance is observed to increase from 0.3 to 0.6--0.7 solar from the poorer to richer clusters. These results suggest that the supernovae of both type-Ia and type-II significantly contribute to the metal enrichment of the intracluster medium, with the relative contribution of type-II supernovae increasing towards richer clusters. We suggest a possibility that a considerable fraction of type-II supernova products escaped from poorer systems.