Semi-Analytical Models for the Formation of Disk Galaxies II. Dark Matter versus Modified Newtonian Dynamics

We present detailed semi-analytical models for the formation of disk galaxies both in a Universe dominated by dark matter (DM), and in one for which the force law is given by modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). We tune the models to fit the observed near-infrared Tully-Fisher (TF) relation, and compare numerous predictions of the resulting models with observations. The DM and MOND models are almost indistinguishable. They both yield gas mass fractions and dynamical mass-to-light ratios which are in good agreement with observations. Both models reproduce the narrow relation between global mass-to-light ratio and central surface brightness, and reveal a characteristic acceleration, contrary to claims that these relations are not predicted by DM models. Both models require SN feedback in order to reproduce the lack of high surface brightness dwarf galaxies. However, the introduction of feedback to the MOND models steepens the TF relation and increases the scatter, making MOND only marginally consistent with observations. The most serious problem for the DM models is their prediction of steep central rotation curves. However, the DM rotation curves are only slightly steeper than those of MOND, and are only marginally inconsistent with the poor resolution data on LSB galaxies.