Atomic scale imaging and spectroscopy of the V₂O₃ (0001)-surface: bulk versus surface effects

We present atomic scale images of a V_2O_3 (0001)-surface, which show that the surface is susceptible to reconstruction by dimerization of vanadium ions. The atomic order of the surface depends sensitively on the surface preparation. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy proves a dimerized surface has a gap in the electronic density of states at the Fermi energy, while a surface prepared by sputtering and successive annealing shows no dimerization and no gap. Photoemission spectra depend sensitively on the surface structure and are consistent with scanning tunneling spectroscopy data. The measurements explain inconsistencies in photoemission experiments performed on such oxides in the past.