Travelling to exotic places with ultracold atoms

We review and speculate on two recent developments of quantum optics and ultracold atoms. First, we discuss a possible realization of "phonon" physics, or as we call it "refracton" physics with optical lattices. To this aim we combine the physics of cold atoms with cavity QED, and investigate superfluid-Mott insulator quantum phase transition. The systems can exhibit cavity mode modifications due to local changes of refraction index ("refractons"). Second, we discuss the physics of strongly correlated particles in Abelian, and more interestingly in non-Abelian magnetic fields, using cold atoms.