Product set estimates for non-commutative groups

We develop the Pl\"unnecke-Ruzsa and Balog-Szemer\'edi-Gowers theory of sum set estimates in the non-commutative setting, with discrete, continuous, and metric entropy formulations of these estimates. We also develop a Freiman-type inverse theorem for a special class of 2-step nilpotent groups, namely the Heisenberg groups with no 2-torsion in their centre.