Implications of beam phase and RFSUM measured near transition

Understanding the transition-crossing process is crucial for improving Booster performance at high intensity. The synchronous phase appears to drop toward 90 degrees right after transition regardless of beam intensity, more so at higher beam intensity. The implication is that the effective rf voltage (RFSUM) will run into a limit right after transition when the synchronous phase reaches 90 degrees for high intensity beam. A reduction in RFSUM is also observed at the same time. Solutions, such as raising the rf voltage during the transition period or controlling the RFSUM reduction by increasing longitudinal emittance before transition, are potentially important for high intensity operation.