Mod\'{e}lisation biom\'{e}canique tri-dimensionnelle de l'articulateur lingual pour \'{e}tudier le contr\^(o)le de la parole

A 3D biomechanical dynamical model of human tongue is presented, which is elaborated to test in the future hypotheses about speech motor control. Tissue elastic properties are accounted for in Finite Element Modelling (FEM). The FEM mesh was designed in order to facilitate implementation of muscle arrangement in the tongue. Therefore, its structure was determined on the basis of accurate anatomical data. Mechanically, the hypothesis of hyperelasticity was adopted. Muscles are modelled as general force generators that act on anatomically specified sets of nodes of the FEM structure. Simulations, using ANSYS software, of the influence of muscle activations onto the tongue shape are presented.