Phase effects on synchronization by dynamical relaying in delay-coupled systems

Synchronization in an array of mutually coupled systems with a finite time-delay in coupling is studied using Josephson junction as a model system. The sum of the transverse Lyapunov exponents is evaluated as a function of the parameters by linearizing the equation about the synchronization manifold. The dependence of synchronization on damping parameter, coupling constant and time-delay is studied numerically. The change in the dynamics of the system due to time-delay and phase difference between the applied fields is studied. The case where a small frequency detuning between the applied fields is also discussed.