A characterisation of the Z^n + Z(δ) lattice and definite nonunimodular intersection forms

We prove a generalisation of Elkies' theorem to nonunimodular definite forms (and lattices). Combined with inequalities of Froyshov and of Ozsvath and Szabo, this gives a simple test of whether a rational homology 3-sphere may bound a definite four-manifold. As an example we show that small positive surgeries on torus knots do not bound negative-definite four-manifolds.