Memory effects in transport through a hopping insulator: Understanding two-dip experiments

We discuss memory effects in the conductance of hopping insulators due to slow rearrangements of many-electron clusters leading to formation of polarons close to the electron hopping sites. An abrupt change in the gate voltage and corresponding shift of the chemical potential change populations of the hopping sites, which then slowly relax due to rearrangements of the clusters. As a result, the density of hopping states becomes time dependent on a scale relevant to rearrangement of the structural defects leading to the excess time dependent conductivity.