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An Observational Guide to Identifying Pseudobulges and Classical Bulges in Disk Galaxies

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arxiv 1512.02230 v1 pith:5YMUACBO submitted 2015-12-07 astro-ph.GA

classification astro-ph.GA
keywords bulgespropertiesclassicalpseudobulgesbulgediskgalaxiesidentify
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In this review our aim is to summarize the observed properties of pseudobulges and classical bulges. We utilize an empirical approach to studying the properties of bulges in disk galaxies, and restrict our analysis to statistical proper- ties. A clear bimodality is observed in a number of properties including morphology, structural properties, star formation, gas content & stellar population, and kinematics. As well as summarizing known methods to identify pseudobulges and classical bulges we also show new results, including absorption line indices that can be used to identify different bulge types. We conclude by summarizing those properties that isolate pseudobulges from classical bulges. Our intention is to describe a practical, easy to use, list of criteria for identifying bulge types.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. MSA-3D: Rotation Curves and Dark Matter Fractions at z~0.5-1.7 with JWST/NIRSpec

    astro-ph.GA 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    New JWST data on 23 galaxies at 0.5<z<1.7 show median dark matter fraction of 0.63 at effective radius with 0.2 dex scatter, and a mix of rising, flat, and falling rotation curves.

  2. 2D Surface Brightness Modelling of Large 2MASS Galaxies II: The Role of Classical Bulges and Pseudobulges on Galaxy Scaling Relations and its implication for Supermassive Black Hole Formation

    astro-ph.GA 2025-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Classical bulges and pseudobulges follow different galaxy scaling relations, and pseudobulges do not follow the black hole scaling relations defined by classical bulges and ellipticals, based on 119 nearby galaxies.

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