k-medoids and p-median clustering are solvable in polynomial time for a 2d Pareto front

This paper examines a common extension of k-medoids and k-median clustering in the case of a two-dimensional Pareto front, as generated by bi-objective optimization approaches. A characterization of optimal clusters is provided, which allows to solve the optimization problems to optimality in polynomial time using a common dynamic programming algorithm. More precisely, having $N$ points to cluster in $K$ subsets, the complexity of the algorithm is proven in $O(N^3)$ time and $O(K.N)$ memory space when $K\geqslant 3$, cases $K=2$ having a time complexity in $O(N^2)$. Furthermore, speeding-up the dynamic programming algorithm is possible avoiding useless computations, for a practical speed-up without improving the complexity. Parallelization issues are also discussed, to speed-up the algorithm in practice.