Untrodden pathways in the theory of the restricted partition function $p(n, N)$

We obtain a finite analogue of a recent generalization of an identity in Ramanujan's Notebooks. Differentiating it with respect to one of the parameters leads to a result whose limiting case gives a finite analogue of Andrews' famous identity for $\textup{spt}(n)$. The latter motivates us to extend the theory of the restricted partition function $p(n, N)$, namely, the number of partitions of $n$ with largest parts less than or equal to $N$, by obtaining the finite analogues of rank and crank for vector partitions as well as of the rank and crank moments. As an application of the identity for our finite analogue of the spt-function, namely $\textup{spt}(n, N)$, we prove an inequality between the finite second rank and crank moments. The other results obtained include finite analogues of a recent identity of Garvan, an identity relating $d(n, N)$ and lpt$(n, N)$, namely the finite analogues of the divisor and largest parts functions respectively, and a finite analogue of the Beck-Chern theorem. We also conjecture an inequality between the finite analogues of $k^{\textup{th}}$ rank and crank moments.