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arxiv: 1906.11371 · v1 · pith:GLCUQZZGnew · submitted 2019-06-26 · 💻 cs.SI

Deception Strategies and Threats for Online Discussions

Onur Varol , Ismail Uluturk This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-25 14:38 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 💻 cs.SI
keywords deception strategiesonline discussionssocial botsdisinformationpersuasion tacticshistorical campaignsautomated threatscommunication manipulation
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The pith

Reviewing historical deception strategies helps analyze and counter modern online threats from social bots.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper reviews how deception and persuasion strategies have been used in communication channels over the last 100 years, with examples from politics and business across different mediums. It connects these to the internet age where malicious actors use automated tools like social bots to spread disinformation and manipulate people. A sympathetic reader would care because the work argues that old practices of persuasion offer a way to better investigate and address current automated threats. The review draws parallels between past campaigns and present detection and prevention research.

Core claim

The central claim is that it is important to study the old practices of persuasion to be able to investigate modern practices and tools, as shown through examples of historical campaigns and their parallels with today's automated dissemination of disinformation via social bots.

What carries the argument

A chronological review of deception and persuasion strategies in historical communication channels, used to identify patterns that apply to current online threats.

If this is right

  • Detection systems for social bots can draw on historical patterns of persuasion to identify manipulation.
  • Prevention research benefits from parallels between past dissemination methods and automated tools.
  • Understanding old practices supports investigation of how malicious actors abuse online systems today.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Testing whether specific historical tactics map directly onto observable bot behaviors on particular platforms could refine detection methods.
  • Expanding the review to include post-2010 events might reveal additional parallels with evolving automated threats.
  • The same historical lens could be applied to non-discussion online spaces like comment sections on news sites.

Load-bearing premise

The selected historical examples of deception strategies are representative enough to provide useful insights for analyzing and countering contemporary automated online threats.

What would settle it

Finding that modern social bot behaviors show no consistent alignment with the reviewed historical deception patterns would undermine the claimed value of the historical review for current threats.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 1906.11371 by Ismail Uluturk, Onur Varol.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Timeline of US politics and its relation with the technological develop [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Some of the notable examples of propaganda posters: “Uncle Sam” (Flagg, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Example of news censorship in Poland (Wrocawia, 1981) on the top. Twit [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_3.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Communication plays a major role in social systems. Effective communications, which requires transmission of the messages between individuals without disruptions or noise, can be a powerful tool to deliver intended impact. Language and style of the content can be leveraged to deceive and manipulate recipients. These deception and persuasion strategies can be applied to exert power and amass capital in politics and business. In this work, we provide a modest review of how such deception and persuasion strategies were applied to different communication channels over the years. We provide examples of campaigns that has occurred in different periods over the last 100 years, together with their corresponding dissemination mediums. In the Internet age, we enjoy access to the vast amount of information and the ability to communicate without borders. However, malicious actors work toward abusing online systems to disseminate disinformation, disrupt communication, and manipulate people by the means of automated tools, such as social bots. It is important to study the old practices of persuasion to be able to investigate modern practices and tools. Here we provide a discussion of current threats against society while drawing parallels with the historical practices and the recent research efforts on systems of detection and prevention.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript offers a review of deception and persuasion strategies employed across communication channels over the past century, presenting historical campaign examples from different eras and media, then discussing modern online threats from automated tools such as social bots; it draws high-level parallels between past and present practices and argues that studying historical persuasion methods aids investigation of contemporary disinformation.

Significance. If the claimed parallels hold and the historical examples prove representative, the synthesis could usefully inform bot-detection and prevention research by highlighting continuity in manipulation tactics; the paper's strength lies in its explicit bridging of historical review with current threats, though its contribution remains modest without deeper mechanistic analysis.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the central claim that 'It is important to study the old practices of persuasion to be able to investigate modern practices and tools' is load-bearing for the paper's contribution yet rests on the unexamined assumption that the selected historical examples share causal structure with bot-amplified threats; no analysis of differences in scale, algorithmic feedback, or real-time adaptation is supplied to substantiate representativeness.
  2. [Discussion of current threats] Discussion of current threats: the manuscript supplies only high-level parallels between 20th-century print/radio campaigns and platform-mediated disinformation without demonstrating that pre-digital mechanisms remain predictive under modern conditions of low-cost adaptation and automated amplification, leaving the utility for detection systems unestablished.
minor comments (2)
  1. Abstract contains grammatical issues (e.g., 'campaigns that has occurred' should be 'have occurred') and lacks specific citations for the listed historical examples or recent detection research.
  2. The review is described as 'modest' but provides no explicit criteria for selecting the historical campaigns or for assessing their relevance to automated threats.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the detailed and constructive report. We address each major comment below and indicate where revisions will be made to clarify scope and strengthen the discussion of parallels.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the central claim that 'It is important to study the old practices of persuasion to be able to investigate modern practices and tools' is load-bearing for the paper's contribution yet rests on the unexamined assumption that the selected historical examples share causal structure with bot-amplified threats; no analysis of differences in scale, algorithmic feedback, or real-time adaptation is supplied to substantiate representativeness.

    Authors: The manuscript is a review paper whose central claim is that historical precedents can usefully inform investigation of contemporary tactics, not that the causal structures are identical. We agree the abstract would benefit from explicit qualification of this scope. In revision we will rephrase the abstract to state that the work highlights persistent manipulation tactics across eras while adding a concise paragraph in the discussion section that notes differences in scale, algorithmic feedback, and real-time adaptation. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Discussion of current threats] Discussion of current threats: the manuscript supplies only high-level parallels between 20th-century print/radio campaigns and platform-mediated disinformation without demonstrating that pre-digital mechanisms remain predictive under modern conditions of low-cost adaptation and automated amplification, leaving the utility for detection systems unestablished.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the parallels presented are high-level and that the paper does not empirically test predictive power under modern platform conditions. The contribution lies in bridging the historical record with current threats to suggest continuity worth examining. We will expand the discussion section with additional references to recent work on automated amplification and adaptation, thereby clarifying the potential relevance to detection research without claiming mechanistic equivalence. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity; qualitative review with no derivations or fitted predictions

full rationale

The paper is a discussion and review of historical deception practices and their parallels to modern online threats, with no equations, predictions, parameter fitting, or derivation chain present. The central premise—that historical examples inform modern analysis—is presented as a discussion point rather than a result derived from inputs by construction. No self-citations function as load-bearing uniqueness theorems, and no steps reduce to self-definition or renaming of known results. The work is self-contained as a qualitative survey.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

This is a review paper with no new models or derivations; it introduces no free parameters, axioms, or invented entities beyond standard background assumptions in social science.

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Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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Reference graph

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