pith. sign in

arxiv: 1907.10102 · v1 · pith:Y2ZJICLAnew · submitted 2019-07-23 · 📡 eess.SP

Next-generation Wireless Solutions for the Smart Factory, Smart Vehicles, the Smart Grid and Smart Cities

Tai Manh Ho , Thinh Duy Tran , Ti Ti Nguyen , S. M. Ahsan Kazmi , Long Bao Le , Choong Seon Hong , Lajos Hanzo This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-24 16:48 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 📡 eess.SP
keywords 5Gvertical domainssmart factorysmart vehiclessmart gridsmart citieswireless systemsautomation
0
0 comments X

The pith

5G wireless systems extend mobile services into vertical domains such as smart factories, vehicles, grids, and cities by meeting high-availability, high-reliability, and low-latency requirements.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper surveys how 5G wireless systems can support automation in new application domains known as vertical domains. It identifies demanding performance requirements including high availability, reliability, low latency, and accurate positioning for some cases. The survey highlights enabling technologies, discusses challenges for industry and academia, reviews related research, and briefly presents a vision for 6G.

Core claim

5G wireless systems will extend mobile communication services beyond mobile telephony, mobile broadband, and massive machine-type communication into vertical domains including the smart factory, smart vehicles, the smart grid and smart cities. Supporting these domains requires high-availability, high-reliability, low-latency, and in some cases high-accuracy positioning, which the paper maps to 5G enabling technologies.

What carries the argument

The performance requirements for vertical domains and the 5G enabling technologies to meet high-availability, high-reliability, low-latency communications.

If this is right

  • Automation in smart factories and vehicles will depend on 5G meeting specific reliability and latency targets.
  • Challenges in supporting these vertical domains must be addressed by both industry and academia.
  • Research efforts in 5G for these domains are catalogued to show the state of the field.
  • Development of 6G systems will likely build on the foundations laid for 5G vertical applications.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Success in these vertical domains could accelerate the adoption of IoT and automated systems across urban and industrial settings.
  • If the requirements are met, it may reduce the need for separate specialized networks in smart cities and grids.
  • Future work could test whether the listed technologies actually deliver the required performance in real-world vertical scenarios.

Load-bearing premise

The survey assumes that the performance requirements identified for the vertical domains are both necessary and sufficient and that the 5G enabling technologies can address them.

What would settle it

A real-world test in a smart factory showing that 5G cannot achieve the required combination of high reliability and low latency would falsify the feasibility claim.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 1907.10102 by Choong Seon Hong, Lajos Hanzo, Long Bao Le, S. M. Ahsan Kazmi, Tai Manh Ho, Thinh Duy Tran, Ti Ti Nguyen.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Automation in the vertical domains relying on 5G [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p001_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Vertical domains and some application areas categorized by 3GPP Release 16 [3]. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Survey roadmap. Korea to launch an alliance known as The 5G Smart Factory Alliance (5G-SFA) aiming for creating a compatible and universal solution for smart factories by unifying segmented technologies and standards. Connectivity is a crucial requirement for the fourth In￾dustrial Revolution, termed as Industry 4.0, which requires powerful and pervasive interactivity between machines, people and objects. … view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Vertical domains and arrangement in 5G service types. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Latency components in 5G physical layer [32]. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: 5G NR will natively support all spectrum types and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: 5G NR Frame structure [48]. D. New Waveforms, Numerologies and Frame Structure for 5G Radio Access One of the key goals of the 5G RAT is to support diverse use cases, which may be characterized by utilizing a combination of requirements of the three general services: eMBB, mMTC and uRLLC. Addition, all the new 5G air interface should be designed in a manner that can accommodate diverse use cases having het… view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Local and global learning and decision making in large [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: 5G-enabled smart factory scenario [3], [4]. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Hierarchical architecture for smart factory [216], [256]. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: V2X Communications. has been demonstrated to be capable of warning about oncom￾ing pedestrians, vehicles, and obstacles. ITS and smart vehicle use cases can be readily supported by the C-V2X technology, which offers extreme adaptability for diverse transportation scenarios. In particular, 3GPP focuses on standardizing the fundamental functions of C-V2X from its Release 15 onwards [261]. Technical details … view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: V2X architecture, source: 5GCAR [5]. and network slicing. 4) Network Slicing Techniques for V2X: Network Slicing is defined by 3GPP [257] and it is controlled by SDN. The as￾sociated NFV is considered a key feature of 5G in the context of V2X communication [268], [269]. More explicitly, network slicing is defined as the concept of creating multiple logical networks relying on a shared physical infrastruct… view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: Data processing architecture for smart vehicle system. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_13.png] view at source ↗
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: 5G smart grid domains [297]. smart vehicle is capable of simultaneously relying on multiple communication techniques to communicate with the surround￾ing vehicles (i.e., IEEE 802.11 DRSC) and V2X infrastructure (LTE-V or 5G), flow optimization for multi-RAT connections and context-aware resource allocation subject to high-rate, low-latency and high-reliability requirements constitute a pair of critical ch… view at source ↗
Figure 15
Figure 15. Figure 15: Data processing architecture for smart grid system [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p028_15.png] view at source ↗
Figure 16
Figure 16. Figure 16: Smart city ecosystem [359]. improve road safety, driving comfort and smarter coor￾dination among of connected autonomous cars, the road infrastructure and cloud services. The MEC application is envisioned to operate in street cabinets to implement an always-on connection to the central cloud service. Vehicles can then subscribe data alerts relevant for their surrounding area (tuneable parameter). The clou… view at source ↗
Figure 17
Figure 17. Figure 17: Architecture-oriented view on enabling technologies for smart cities [359] [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p031_17.png] view at source ↗
Figure 18
Figure 18. Figure 18: Data processing architecture for smart city ecosystem. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p034_18.png] view at source ↗
Figure 19
Figure 19. Figure 19: 6G vision [432]. computing [370]. Specifically, by harnessing IoT devices for collecting, tracking, monitoring and analyzing information such as soil moisture, weather and levels of fertilization, smart farming, brings about a tremendous productivity improvement in this vertical sector by streamlining operations, whilst sup￾porting sustainable development. This is accomplished with the aid of the 5G techn… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

5G wireless systems will extend mobile communication services beyond mobile telephony, mobile broadband, and massive machine-type communication into new application domains, namely the so-called vertical domains including the smart factory, smart vehicles, smart grid, smart city, etc. Supporting these vertical domains comes with demanding requirements: high-availability, high-reliability, low-latency, and in some cases, high-accuracy positioning. In this survey, we first identify the potential key performance requirements of 5G communication in support of automation in the vertical domains and highlight the 5G enabling technologies conceived for meeting these requirements. We then discuss the key challenges faced both by industry and academia which have to be addressed in order to support automation in the vertical domains. We also provide a survey of the related research dedicated to automation in the vertical domains. Finally, our vision of 6G wireless systems is discussed briefly.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 2 minor

Summary. The paper is a survey claiming that 5G wireless systems will extend mobile communication services beyond telephony, broadband, and massive MTC into vertical domains (smart factory, smart vehicles, smart grid, smart cities, etc.). It identifies demanding KPIs including high availability, high reliability, low latency, and high-accuracy positioning; highlights 5G enabling technologies to meet them; discusses industry/academia challenges; surveys related research on automation in these domains; and briefly outlines a 6G vision.

Significance. If the compilation of requirements, technologies, and literature is accurate and representative, the paper provides a structured reference that organizes standards-derived KPIs and enabling technologies for 5G vertical-domain automation, which can be useful for researchers and practitioners entering these application areas.

minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the closing 'etc.' after the vertical-domain list leaves the exact scope of the survey ambiguous; an explicit enumeration or bounding statement would improve precision.
  2. [6G vision discussion] The 6G vision section is described as brief; if retained as a forward-looking element, adding at least one concrete prediction or additional reference would better balance its weight with the preceding survey sections.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive review and for recommending minor revision. The report provides a clear summary of the manuscript's scope as a survey on 5G for vertical automation domains. No major comments were listed in the report, so there are no specific points requiring point-by-point rebuttal or revision.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity

full rationale

This is a survey paper whose abstract and structure consist of literature compilation, identification of KPIs from standards, and discussion of enabling technologies drawn from prior work. No original equations, derivations, fitted parameters, or load-bearing theorems are advanced. The reader's noted assumption is definitional to the survey genre and does not create an internal reduction to inputs. No self-citation chains, self-definitional steps, or renamed results appear as derivation steps.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

No free parameters, axioms or invented entities are introduced in the abstract; the work is a literature survey.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5710 in / 1000 out tokens · 18850 ms · 2026-05-24T16:48:21.706059+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

298 extracted references · 298 canonical work pages · 9 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    3GPP Release 16,

    3GPP, “3GPP Release 16,” Jul. 2018. [Online]. Available: http: //www.3gpp.org/release-16

    work page 2018

  2. [2]

    5G is standardized. now what?

    ABI-Research, “5G is standardized. now what?” Jun. 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.abiresearch.com/blogs/5g-standardized-now- what/

    work page 2018

  3. [3]

    Study on communication for automation in vertical domains (release 16),

    3GPP, “Study on communication for automation in vertical domains (release 16),” in TR 22.804 V16.2.0 , Dec. 2018. [On- line]. Available: https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/ SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=3187

    work page 2018

  4. [4]

    5g for connected industries and automation,

    5G-ACIA, “5g for connected industries and automation,” in 5G-ACIA White paper. 5G-ACIA, Nov. 2018

    work page 2018

  5. [5]

    WP4: 5G V2X system and architecture

    5GCAR, “WP4: 5G V2X system and architecture.” [Online]. Available: https://5gcar.eu/?page id=248

    work page

  6. [6]

    5GCity project: Use cases for smart cities to improve the 5G ecosystem using a strong partnership between industrial and research area,

    5G-PPP, “5GCity project: Use cases for smart cities to improve the 5G ecosystem using a strong partnership between industrial and research area,” in IEEE 5G SUMMIT Trento . IEEE, Mar. 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.5gcity.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Trento- IEEE-2018.pdf

    work page 2018

  7. [7]

    White paper on automotive vertical sector,

    ——, “White paper on automotive vertical sector,” in 5G-PPP White Paper . 5G-PPP, Oct. 2015. [Online]. Avail- able: https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/5G-PPP-White- Paper-on-Automotive-Vertical-Sectors.pdf

    work page 2015

  8. [8]

    Networking and communications in autonomous driving: A survey,

    J. Wang, J. Liu, and N. Kato, “Networking and communications in autonomous driving: A survey,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts. , pp. 1– 1, 2018

    work page 2018

  9. [9]

    Wireless sensor network reliability and security in factory automation: A survey,

    K. Islam, W. Shen, and X. Wang, “Wireless sensor network reliability and security in factory automation: A survey,” IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews) , vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1243–1256, Nov 2012

    work page 2012

  10. [10]

    Smart gridthe new and improved power grid: A survey,

    X. Fang, S. Misra, G. Xue, and D. Yang, “Smart gridthe new and improved power grid: A survey,” IEEE Commun. Surveys & Tuts , vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 944–980, Dec. 2012

    work page 2012

  11. [11]

    Smart cities: A survey on data management, security, and enabling technologies,

    A. Gharaibeh, M. A. Salahuddin, S. J. Hussini, A. Khreishah, I. Khalil, M. Guizani, and A. Al-Fuqaha, “Smart cities: A survey on data management, security, and enabling technologies,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 2456–2501, Fourthquarter 2017

    work page 2017

  12. [12]

    A communications- oriented perspective on traffic management systems for smart cities: Challenges and innovative approaches,

    S. Djahel, R. Doolan, G. Muntean, and J. Murphy, “A communications- oriented perspective on traffic management systems for smart cities: Challenges and innovative approaches,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts. , vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 125–151, Firstquarter 2015

    work page 2015

  13. [13]

    Privacy in the smart cityapplications, technologies, challenges, and solutions,

    D. Eckhoff and I. Wagner, “Privacy in the smart cityapplications, technologies, challenges, and solutions,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 489–516, Firstquarter 2018

    work page 2018

  14. [14]

    Security and privacy of smart cities: A survey, research issues and challenges,

    M. Sookhak, H. Tang, Y . He, and F. R. Yu, “Security and privacy of smart cities: A survey, research issues and challenges,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., pp. 1–1, 2018

    work page 2018

  15. [15]

    5G network architecture white paper,

    Huawei, “5G network architecture white paper,” in Huawei technologies co., ltd. White paper , 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.huawei.com/minisite/hwmbbf16/insights/5G- Nework-Architecture-Whitepaper-en.pdf

    work page 2016

  16. [16]

    Minimum requirements related to technical performance for IMT-2020 radio interface(s),

    ITU-R, “Minimum requirements related to technical performance for IMT-2020 radio interface(s),” in Report ITU-R M.2410-0 (11/2017) . International Telecommunications Union Radiocommunication Sector, Nov 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-M. 2410-2017

    work page 2020

  17. [17]

    Internet of things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications,

    A. Al-Fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari, and M. Ayyash, “Internet of things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts. , vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 2347–2376, Fourthquarter 2015

    work page 2015

  18. [18]

    Next generation 5G wireless networks: A comprehensive survey,

    M. Agiwal, A. Roy, and N. Saxena, “Next generation 5G wireless networks: A comprehensive survey,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts. , vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1617–1655, thirdquarter 2016

    work page 2016

  19. [19]

    5G wireless network slicing for eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC: A communication-theoretic view,

    P. Popovski, K. F. Trillingsgaard, O. Simeone, and G. Durisi, “5G wireless network slicing for eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC: A communication-theoretic view,” IEEE Access , vol. 6, pp. 55 765– 55 779, 2018

    work page 2018

  20. [20]

    Joint scheduling of URLLC and eMBB traffic in 5G wireless networks,

    A. Anand, G. D. Veciana, and S. Shakkottai, “Joint scheduling of URLLC and eMBB traffic in 5G wireless networks,” in IEEE IN- FOCOM 2018 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications , Honolulu, HI, US, April 2018, pp. 1970–1978

    work page 2018

  21. [21]

    Efficient ultra-reliable and low latency communications and massive machine-type communi- cations in 5G new radio,

    S. Lien, S. Hung, D. Deng, and Y . J. Wang, “Efficient ultra-reliable and low latency communications and massive machine-type communi- cations in 5G new radio,” in GLOBECOM 2017 - 2017 IEEE Global Communications Conference, Singapore, Dec 2017, pp. 1–7

    work page 2017

  22. [22]

    Wireless access for ultra-reliable low-latency com- munication: Principles and building blocks,

    P. Popovski, J. J. Nielsen, C. Stefanovic, E. d. Carvalho, E. Strom, K. F. Trillingsgaard, A. Bana, D. M. Kim, R. Kotaba, J. Park, and R. B. Sorensen, “Wireless access for ultra-reliable low-latency com- munication: Principles and building blocks,” IEEE Network , vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 16–23, Mar. 2018

    work page 2018

  23. [23]

    5G: A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice,

    M. Shafi, A. F. Molisch, P. J. Smith, T. Haustein, P. Zhu, P. D. Silva, F. Tufvesson, A. Benjebbour, and G. Wunder, “5G: A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1201–1221, Jun. 2017

    work page 2017

  24. [24]

    Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications in 5G Downlink: Physical Layer Aspects

    H. Ji, S. Park, J. Yeo, Y . Kim, J. Lee, and B. Shim, “Introduction to ultra reliable and low latency communications in 5G,” Computing Research Repository (CoRR) abs/1704.05565 , 2017

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017

  25. [25]

    5G ultra-reliable and low-latency systems design,

    C.-P. Li, J. Jiang, W. Chen, T. Ji, and J. Smee, “5G ultra-reliable and low-latency systems design,” in 2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC) , Oulu, Finland, Jun. 2017, pp. 1–5

    work page 2017

  26. [26]

    Opportunistic spatial preemptive scheduling for URLLC and eMBB coexistence in multi-user 5G networks,

    A. A. Esswie and K. I. Pedersen, “Opportunistic spatial preemptive scheduling for URLLC and eMBB coexistence in multi-user 5G networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 38 451–38 463, 2018. 39

    work page 2018

  27. [27]

    Reliability oriented dual connectivity for URLLC services in 5G new radio,

    N. H. Mahmood, M. Lopez, D. Laselva, K. Pedersen, and G. Berar- dinelli, “Reliability oriented dual connectivity for URLLC services in 5G new radio,” in 2018 15th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS) , Lisbon, Portugal, Aug. 2018, pp. 1–6

    work page 2018

  28. [28]

    5G URLLC: Design challenges and system concepts,

    Z. Li, M. A. Uusitalo, H. Shariatmadari, and B. Singh, “5G URLLC: Design challenges and system concepts,” in 2018 15th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS) , Lisbon, Portugal, Aug. 2018, pp. 1–6

    work page 2018

  29. [29]

    URLLC design for real-time control in wireless control systems,

    B. Chang, “URLLC design for real-time control in wireless control systems,” in 2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF), Silicon Valley, CA, USA, Jul. 2018, pp. 437–439

    work page 2018

  30. [30]

    Joint link adaptation and scheduling for 5G ultra-reliable low-latency communications,

    G. Pocovi, K. I. Pedersen, and P. Mogensen, “Joint link adaptation and scheduling for 5G ultra-reliable low-latency communications,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 28 912–28 922, 2018

    work page 2018

  31. [31]

    5G centralized multi-cell scheduling for URLLC: Algorithms and system-level performance,

    A. Karimi, K. I. Pedersen, N. H. Mahmood, J. Steiner, and P. Mo- gensen, “5G centralized multi-cell scheduling for URLLC: Algorithms and system-level performance,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 72 253–72 262, 2018

    work page 2018

  32. [32]

    Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications in 5G downlink: Physical layer aspects,

    H. Ji, S. Park, J. Yeo, Y . Kim, J. Lee, and B. Shim, “Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications in 5G downlink: Physical layer aspects,” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 124–130, 2018

    work page 2018

  33. [33]

    Ultra reliable and low- latency wireless communication: Tail, risk, and scale,

    M. Bennis, M. Debbah, and H. V . Poor., “Ultra reliable and low- latency wireless communication: Tail, risk, and scale,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 106, no. 10, pp. 1834–1853, 2018

    work page 2018

  34. [34]

    Enabling ultra-reliable and low-latency communications through unlicensed spectrum,

    G. J. Sutton, J. Zeng, R. P. Liu, W. Ni, D. N. Nguyen, B. A. Jayawick- rama, X. Huang, M. Abolhasan, and Z. Zhang, “Enabling ultra-reliable and low-latency communications through unlicensed spectrum,” IEEE Network, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 70–77, 2018

    work page 2018

  35. [35]

    Short packet structure for ultra-reliable machine-type communication: Tradeoff between detection and decoding,

    A. Bana, K. F. Trillingsgaard, P. Popovski, and E. de Carvalho, “Short packet structure for ultra-reliable machine-type communication: Tradeoff between detection and decoding,” in 2018 IEEE Inter. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) , Calgary, AB, Canada, April 2018, pp. 6608–6612

    work page 2018

  36. [36]

    5G field experimental trials on URLLC using new frame structure,

    M. Iwabuchi, A. Benjebbour, Y . Kishiyama, G. Ren, C. Tang, T. Tian, L. Gu, T. Takada, and T. Kashima, “5G field experimental trials on URLLC using new frame structure,” in 2017 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), Singapore, Dec 2017, pp. 1–6

    work page 2017

  37. [37]

    Performance evaluation of grant-free transmission for uplink URLLC services,

    C. Wang, Y . Chen, Y . Wu, and L. Zhang, “Performance evaluation of grant-free transmission for uplink URLLC services,” in 2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring) , Sydney, NSW, Australia, June 2017, pp. 1–6

    work page 2017

  38. [38]

    System level analysis of uplink grant-free transmission for URLLC,

    T. Jacobsen, R. Abreu, G. Berardinelli, K. Pedersen, P. Mogensen, I. Z. Kovacs, and T. K. Madsen, “System level analysis of uplink grant-free transmission for URLLC,” in 2017 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), Singapore, Dec 2017, pp. 1–6

    work page 2017

  39. [39]

    Resource allocation for uplink grant-free ultra-reliable and low latency commu- nications,

    Z. Zhou, R. Ratasuk, N. Mangalvedhe, and A. Ghosh, “Resource allocation for uplink grant-free ultra-reliable and low latency commu- nications,” in 2018 IEEE 87th Veh. Tech. Conference (VTC Spring) , Porto, Portugal, Jun. 2018, pp. 1–5

    work page 2018

  40. [40]

    Power control optimization for uplink grant-free URLLC,

    R. Abreu, T. Jacobsen, G. Berardinelli, K. Pedersen, I. Z. Kovcs, and P. Mogensen, “Power control optimization for uplink grant-free URLLC,” in 2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Barcelona, Spain, Apr. 2018, pp. 1–6

    work page 2018

  41. [41]

    Reliability analysis of uplink grant-free transmission over shared resources,

    G. Berardinelli, N. H. Mahmood, R. Abreu, T. Jacobsen, K. Pedersen, I. Z. Kovcs, and P. Mogensen, “Reliability analysis of uplink grant-free transmission over shared resources,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 23 602– 23 611, 2018

    work page 2018

  42. [42]

    Achieving ultra-reliable low-latency communications: Chal- lenges and envisioned system enhancements,

    G. Pocovi, H. Shariatmadari, G. Berardinelli, K. Pedersen, J. Steiner, and Z. Li, “Achieving ultra-reliable low-latency communications: Chal- lenges and envisioned system enhancements,” IEEE Network, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 8–15, 2018

    work page 2018

  43. [43]

    5G radio network design for ultra-reliable low-latency communica- tion,

    J. Sachs, G. Wikstrom, T. Dudda, R. Baldemair, and K. Kittichokechai, “5G radio network design for ultra-reliable low-latency communica- tion,” IEEE Network, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 24–31, March 2018

    work page 2018

  44. [44]

    Radio resource management for ultra-reliable and low-latency communications,

    C. She, C. Yang, and T. Q. S. Quek, “Radio resource management for ultra-reliable and low-latency communications,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 72–78, June 2017

    work page 2017

  45. [45]

    Fifth-generation control channel design: Achieving ultrareliable low-latency communications,

    H. Shariatmadari, S. Iraji, R. Jantti, P. Popovski, Z. Li, and M. A. Uusi- talo, “Fifth-generation control channel design: Achieving ultrareliable low-latency communications,” IEEE Veh. Tech. Mag. , vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 84–93, June 2018

    work page 2018

  46. [46]

    Study on scenarios and requirements for next generation access technologies (release 14),

    G. T. R. 38.913, “Study on scenarios and requirements for next generation access technologies (release 14),” v14.2.0 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.3gpp.org/ftp//Specs/archive/38 series/ 38.913/38913-e20.zip

    work page 2017

  47. [47]

    Study on new radio access technology physical layer aspects (release 14),

    G. R. 14, “Study on new radio access technology physical layer aspects (release 14),” in 3GPP Tech. Rep. 38.802 , 2017

    work page 2017

  48. [48]

    5G new radio: Waveform, frame structure, multiple access, and initial access,

    S. Lien, S. Shieh, Y . Huang, B. Su, Y . Hsu, and H. Wei, “5G new radio: Waveform, frame structure, multiple access, and initial access,” IEEE Commun. Mag. , vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 64–71, June 2017

    work page 2017

  49. [49]

    Latency critical iot applications in 5G: Perspective on the design of radio interface and network architecture,

    P. Schulz, M. Matthe, H. Klessig, M. Simsek, G. Fettweis, J. Ansari, S. A. Ashraf, B. Almeroth, J. V oigt, I. Riedel, A. Puschmann, A. Mitschele-Thiel, M. Muller, T. Elste, and M. Windisch, “Latency critical iot applications in 5G: Perspective on the design of radio interface and network architecture,” IEEE Commun. Mag. , vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 70–78, February 2017

    work page 2017

  50. [50]

    Adaptive 5G low-latency communication for tactile internet services,

    J. Sachs, L. A. A. Andersson, J. Arajo, C. Curescu, J. Lundsj, G. Rune, E. Steinbach, and G. Wikstrm, “Adaptive 5G low-latency communication for tactile internet services,” Proceedings of the IEEE , vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 325–349, Feb 2019

    work page 2019

  51. [51]

    Analytical study of 5G nr eMBB co-existence,

    D. Demmer, R. Gerzaguet, J. Dore, and D. L. Ruyet, “Analytical study of 5G nr eMBB co-existence,” in 2018 25th Inter. Conf. on Telecommunications (ICT), St. Malo, France, 2018, pp. 186–190

    work page 2018

  52. [52]

    3d MIMO for 5G NR: Several observations from 32 to massive 256 antennas based on channel measurement,

    J. Zhang, Z. Zheng, Y . Zhang, J. Xi, X. Zhao, and G. Gui, “3d MIMO for 5G NR: Several observations from 32 to massive 256 antennas based on channel measurement,” IEEE Commun. Mag. , vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 62–70, March 2018

    work page 2018

  53. [53]

    Large-scale antenna systems with hybrid analog and digital beamforming for millimeter wave 5G,

    S. Han, C. I, Z. Xu, and C. Rowell, “Large-scale antenna systems with hybrid analog and digital beamforming for millimeter wave 5G,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 186–194, 2015

    work page 2015

  54. [54]

    Millimeter wave communications for future mobile networks,

    M. Xiao, S. Mumtaz, Y . Huang, L. Dai, Y . Li, M. Matthaiou, G. K. Karagiannidis, E. Bjrnson, K. Yang, C. I, and A. Ghosh, “Millimeter wave communications for future mobile networks,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 1909–1935, 2017

    work page 1909

  55. [55]

    Millimeter-wave massive MIMO communication for future wireless systems: A survey,

    S. A. Busari, K. M. S. Huq, S. Mumtaz, L. Dai, and J. Rodriguez, “Millimeter-wave massive MIMO communication for future wireless systems: A survey,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts. , vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 836–869, 2018

    work page 2018

  56. [56]

    Millimeter wave communication: A comprehensive survey,

    X. Wang, L. Kong, F. Kong, F. Qiu, M. Xia, S. Arnon, and G. Chen, “Millimeter wave communication: A comprehensive survey,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1616–1653, 2018

    work page 2018

  57. [57]

    Millimeter-wave communications: Physical channel models, design considerations, antenna constructions, and link-budget,

    I. A. Hemadeh, K. Satyanarayana, M. El-Hajjar, and L. Hanzo, “Millimeter-wave communications: Physical channel models, design considerations, antenna constructions, and link-budget,” IEEE Com- mun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 870–913, 2018

    work page 2018

  58. [58]

    Spectrum and energy- efficient beamspace MIMO-NOMA for millimeter-wave communica- tions using lens antenna array,

    B. Wang, L. Dai, Z. Wang, N. Ge, and S. Zhou, “Spectrum and energy- efficient beamspace MIMO-NOMA for millimeter-wave communica- tions using lens antenna array,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. , vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 2370–2382, Oct 2017

    work page 2017

  59. [59]

    Radio resource management techniques for eMBB and mMTC services in 5G dense small cell scenarios,

    N. H. Mahmood, M. Lauridsen, G. Berardinelli, D. Catania, and P. Mogensen, “Radio resource management techniques for eMBB and mMTC services in 5G dense small cell scenarios,” in 2016 IEEE 84th Veh. Tech. Conference (VTC-Fall), Montreal, QC, Canada, Sep. 2016, pp. 1–5

    work page 2016

  60. [60]

    Scalable spectrum access system for massive machine type commu- nication,

    B. A. Jayawickrama, Y . He, E. Dutkiewicz, and M. D. Mueck, “Scalable spectrum access system for massive machine type commu- nication,” IEEE Network, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 154–160, May 2018

    work page 2018

  61. [61]

    Towards massive con- nectivity support for scalable mMTC communications in 5G networks,

    C. Bockelmann, N. K. Pratas, G. Wunder, S. Saur, M. Navarro, D. Gregoratti, G. Vivier, E. D. Carvalho, Y . Ji, . Stefanovi, P. Popovski, Q. Wang, M. Schellmann, E. Kosmatos, P. Demestichas, M. Raceala- Motoc, P. Jung, S. Stanczak, and A. Dekorsy, “Towards massive con- nectivity support for scalable mMTC communications in 5G networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 6,...

    work page 2018

  62. [62]

    r-hint: A message-efficient random access response for mMTC in 5G networks,

    T. Huang, Y . Ren, K. C. Lin, and Y . Tseng, “r-hint: A message-efficient random access response for mMTC in 5G networks,” in 2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Montreal, QC, Canada, 2017, pp. 1– 6

    work page 2017

  63. [63]

    Massive machine-type communication (mMTC) access with integrated authen- tication,

    N. K. Pratas, S. Pattathil, . Stefanovi, and P. Popovski, “Massive machine-type communication (mMTC) access with integrated authen- tication,” in 2017 IEEE Inter. Conf. on Communications (ICC) , Paris, 2017, pp. 1–6

    work page 2017

  64. [64]

    A random non-orthogonal multiple access scheme for mMTC,

    N. Ye, A. Wang, X. Li, H. Yu, A. Li, and H. Jiang, “A random non-orthogonal multiple access scheme for mMTC,” in 2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring) , Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2017, pp. 1–6

    work page 2017

  65. [65]

    Enabling heteroge- neous mMTC by energy-efficient and connectivity-aware clustering and routing,

    Z. Li, J. Chen, R. Ni, S. Chen, X. Li, and Q. Zhao, “Enabling heteroge- neous mMTC by energy-efficient and connectivity-aware clustering and routing,” in 2017 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), Singapore, 2017, pp. 1–6. 40

    work page 2017

  66. [66]

    Neighbor- aware multiple access protocol for 5G mMTC applications,

    Y . Yang, G. Song, W. Zhang, X. Ge, and C. Wang, “Neighbor- aware multiple access protocol for 5G mMTC applications,” China Communications, vol. 13, no. Supplement2, pp. 80–88, 2016

    work page 2016

  67. [67]

    A hint-based random access protocol for mMTC in 5G mobile network,

    Y . Xu, Y . Ren, K. C. Lin, and Y . Tseng, “A hint-based random access protocol for mMTC in 5G mobile network,” in 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), Chengdu, China, 2018, pp. 388–396

    work page 2018

  68. [68]

    Differentiated service-aware group paging for massive machine-type communication,

    W. Cao, A. Dytso, G. Feng, H. V . Poor, and Z. Chen, “Differentiated service-aware group paging for massive machine-type communication,” IEEE Trans. Commun. , vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 5444–5456, 2018

    work page 2018

  69. [69]

    On the satellite role in the era of 5G massive machine type communications,

    S. Cioni, R. D. Gaudenzi, O. D. R. Herrero, and N. Girault, “On the satellite role in the era of 5G massive machine type communications,” IEEE Network, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 54–61, 2018

    work page 2018

  70. [70]

    Joint active user detection and channel estimation for massive machine-type communications,

    S. Park, H. Seo, H. Ji, and B. Shim, “Joint active user detection and channel estimation for massive machine-type communications,” in 2017 IEEE 18th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), Sapporo, Japan, 2017, pp. 1–5

    work page 2017

  71. [71]

    Massive machine-type com- munications in 5G: physical and mac-layer solutions,

    C. Bockelmann, N. Pratas, H. Nikopour, K. Au, T. Svensson, C. Ste- fanovic, P. Popovski, and A. Dekorsy, “Massive machine-type com- munications in 5G: physical and mac-layer solutions,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 54, no. 9, 2016

    work page 2016

  72. [72]

    Sara: Sparse code multiple access- applied random access for iot devices,

    S. Moon, H. Lee, and J. Lee, “Sara: Sparse code multiple access- applied random access for iot devices,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 3160–3174, 2018

    work page 2018

  73. [73]

    Toward 5G wireless interface technology: Enabling nonorthogonal multiple access in the sparse code domain,

    F. Wei, W. Chen, Y . Wu, J. Li, and Y . Luo, “Toward 5G wireless interface technology: Enabling nonorthogonal multiple access in the sparse code domain,” IEEE Veh. Tech. Mag., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 18–27, 2018

    work page 2018

  74. [74]

    Compressive sensing based multi-user detection for machine-to-machine communication,

    C. Bockelmann, H. F. Schepker, and A. Dekorsy, “Compressive sensing based multi-user detection for machine-to-machine communication,” Trans. Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 389–400, 2013

    work page 2013

  75. [75]

    A compressive sensing-based active user and symbol detection technique for massive machine-type communications,

    B. K. Jeong, B. Shim, and K. B. Lee, “A compressive sensing-based active user and symbol detection technique for massive machine-type communications,” in 2018 IEEE Inter. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) , 2018, pp. 6623–6627

    work page 2018

  76. [76]

    Optimized pilot design for joint compressive sensing multi-user and channel detection in massive mtc,

    W. Chen and F. Xiao, “Optimized pilot design for joint compressive sensing multi-user and channel detection in massive mtc,” in 2017 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps) , Singapore, 2017, pp. 1–5

    work page 2017

  77. [77]

    Expectation propagation-based active user detection and channel estimation for massive machine- type communications,

    J. Ahn, B. Shim, and K. B. Lee, “Expectation propagation-based active user detection and channel estimation for massive machine- type communications,” in 2018 IEEE Inter. Conf. on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), Kansas City, MO, USA, 2018, pp. 1–6

    work page 2018

  78. [78]

    Compres- sive sensing multi-user detection for multicarrier systems in sporadic machine type communication,

    F. Monsees, M. Woltering, C. Bockelmann, and A. Dekorsy, “Compres- sive sensing multi-user detection for multicarrier systems in sporadic machine type communication,” in 2015 IEEE 81st Veh. Tech. Confer- ence (VTC Spring) , Glasgow, UK, 2015, pp. 1–5

    work page 2015

  79. [79]

    J. F. M. A. Osseiran and P. Marsch, 5G Mobile and Wireless Commu- nications Technology. New York, NY , USA: Cambridge University Press, 2016

    work page 2016

  80. [80]

    Feasibility study on new services and markets technology enablers for critical communications; stage 1 (release 14),

    3GPP, “Feasibility study on new services and markets technology enablers for critical communications; stage 1 (release 14),” in TR 22.862 V14.1.0 , Oct. 2016. [On- line]. Available: https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/ SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=3014

    work page 2016

Showing first 80 references.