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arxiv: 1907.10126 · v1 · pith:MHSVWQSFnew · submitted 2019-07-23 · 💻 cs.NI · eess.SP

Path Loss Models for V2V mmWave Communication: Performance Evaluation and Open Challenges

Marco Giordani , Takayuki Shimizu , Andrea Zanella , Takamasa Higuchi , Onur Altintas , Michele Zorzi This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-24 16:46 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 💻 cs.NI eess.SP
keywords mmWaveV2Vchannel modelpath loss3GPPNR-V2Xvehicular communicationsblockage
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The pith

The 3GPP channel model for NR-V2X accurately represents mmWave V2V propagation in urban and highway settings.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper validates the 3GPP channel model proposed for NR-V2X systems in millimeter-wave bands. This model supports urban and highway deployment scenarios and incorporates path loss, shadowing, line of sight probability, and static and dynamic blockage attenuation. The authors use it to exemplify impacts of automotive parameters on network performance in realistic simulations and highlight potential inconsistencies requiring future measurement campaigns.

Core claim

The 3GPP channel model for NR-V2X systems supports deployment scenarios for urban and highway propagation and incorporates the effects of path loss, shadowing, line of sight probability, and static/dynamic blockage attenuation for mmWave V2V communications.

What carries the argument

The 3GPP NR-V2X channel model incorporating path loss, shadowing, LOS probability, and blockage effects.

If this is right

  • The model enables system-level simulations of V2V mmWave networks under realistic assumptions.
  • Automotive-specific parameters have measurable impacts on overall network performance.
  • Inconsistencies in the model point to the need for additional calibration.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • New measurement campaigns could refine the model parameters for mmWave V2V specifics.
  • The validated model could accelerate development of high-data-rate automated driving applications.
  • Potential model inconsistencies might affect predictions in high-density vehicle scenarios.

Load-bearing premise

The 3GPP model parameters accurately capture the propagation peculiarities of mmWave V2V links without requiring substantial new calibration.

What would settle it

A measurement campaign in vehicular mmWave environments that shows significant deviations from the model's predicted path loss, shadowing, or blockage attenuation would falsify the claim.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 1907.10126 by Andrea Zanella, Marco Giordani, Michele Zorzi, Onur Altintas, Takamasa Higuchi, Takayuki Shimizu.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: PLOS and PNLOSv vs. d for urban and highway scenarios for different traffic densities. The 3GPP [12] and the extended [13] models are compared [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: PRR vs. inter-vehicle distance d for urban and highway scenarios in a medium traffic density environment and for different array configurations. Ratio (PRR), [12, Sec. 6.1.6], which measures the percent￾age of vehicles experiencing successful packet reception. In this paper, successful reception is achieved if the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) experienced between the transmitting and receiving vehicles is ab… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: we plot the path loss as a function of d. Different densities of vehicular traffic and vehicle deployment options are considered. We see that, for the LOS case (Fig. 2a), the 3GPP model registers better propagation in urban rather than highway scenario (i.e., around 5 dB at 200 m). In fact, while in the highway environment the propagating signals attenuate over distance following Friis’ law, in the urban e… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Recently, millimeter wave (mmWave) bands have been investigated as a means to enhance automated driving and address the challenging data rate and latency demands of emerging automotive applications. For the development of those systems to operate in bands above 6 GHz, there is a need to have accurate channel models able to predict the peculiarities of the vehicular propagation at these bands, especially as far as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications are concerned. In this paper, we validate the channel model that the 3GPP has proposed for NR-V2X systems, which (i) supports deployment scenarios for urban/highway propagation, and (ii) incorporates the effects of path loss, shadowing, line of sight probability, and static/dynamic blockage attenuation. We also exemplify the impact of several automotive-specific parameters on the overall network performance considering realistic system-level simulation assumptions for typical scenarios. Finally, we highlight potential inconsistencies of the model and provide recommendations for future measurement campaigns in vehicular environments.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 1 minor

Summary. The paper claims to validate the 3GPP NR-V2X channel model for mmWave V2V communications in urban and highway scenarios. The model incorporates path loss, shadowing, LOS probability, and static/dynamic blockage attenuation. System-level simulations are used to exemplify the impact of automotive-specific parameters on network performance, while also highlighting potential model inconsistencies and recommending future measurement campaigns.

Significance. If the validation holds, the work would help assess the applicability of standardized models to emerging mmWave V2V systems for automated driving. The identification of inconsistencies could guide refinements, but the significance is tempered by reliance on transfer of prior 3GPP parameters without apparent new mmWave vehicular measurements to confirm transferability.

major comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim to 'validate' the 3GPP model for NR-V2X rests on the unverified transferability of parameters (from prior non-V2V or lower-frequency campaigns) to mmWave V2V settings. No new empirical measurements at mmWave frequencies in vehicular environments are described; instead the paper applies the model in simulations and flags inconsistencies, which does not substantiate the validation of the parameter set itself.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract states that validation and simulations were performed but provides no details on data sources, exclusion criteria, or error analysis, making it difficult to assess methodological support for the claims.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the detailed review. The main concern is the use of 'validate' in the abstract given the lack of new mmWave V2V measurements. We address this directly below.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim to 'validate' the 3GPP model for NR-V2X rests on the unverified transferability of parameters (from prior non-V2V or lower-frequency campaigns) to mmWave V2V settings. No new empirical measurements at mmWave frequencies in vehicular environments are described; instead the paper applies the model in simulations and flags inconsistencies, which does not substantiate the validation of the parameter set itself.

    Authors: We agree that the abstract's phrasing 'we validate' can be misinterpreted as implying new empirical validation through fresh mmWave V2V measurements, which the manuscript does not contain. The contribution consists of applying the existing 3GPP NR-V2X model (with its transferred parameters) to V2V scenarios via system-level simulation, illustrating automotive parameter impacts, identifying inconsistencies, and recommending measurements. This is consistent with the paper title emphasizing performance evaluation and open challenges rather than new data collection. We will revise the abstract to replace 'validate' with 'evaluate the applicability of' (or equivalent) to accurately describe the work. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: external 3GPP model evaluated via simulation

full rationale

The paper validates an externally defined 3GPP NR-V2X channel model (path loss, shadowing, LOS probability, blockage) through system-level simulations for urban/highway V2V mmWave scenarios. It applies the model, exemplifies parameter impacts, and flags inconsistencies without fitting new parameters to its own data or deriving predictions from self-defined quantities. No self-citations bear the load of the core model; the 3GPP reference is independent. This matches the default expectation of self-contained evaluation against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Based on abstract only; no new free parameters, axioms, or invented entities are introduced. The work relies on the pre-existing 3GPP model.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5716 in / 1041 out tokens · 23170 ms · 2026-05-24T16:46:18.693669+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

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Reference graph

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