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Algebraic entropy for amenable semigroup actions

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Pith's one-line read This paper defines algebraic entropy for actions of cancellative right amenable semigroups on abelian groups and proves that, for torsion groups, entropy is additive over invariant subgroups and equals the topological entropy of the dual…

desk verdict A robust generalization of algebraic entropy to amenable semigroup actions; the Addition and Bridge Theorems hold up under scrutiny and the paper deserves serious refereeing. read the letter →

arxiv 1908.01983 v1 pith:P5XSFEFP submitted 2019-08-06 math.GR math.DS

classification math.GRmath.DS MSC 20K3020M2037A3537B4043A07
keywords algebraicentropyamenablesemigroupactionsFølnernetsAdditionTheoremBridgePontryagindualitytopologicaltorsionabeliangroups
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper defines algebraic entropy—a measure of how fast finite sets grow under a group action—for left actions $S\curvearrowright A$ of cancellative right amenable semigroups $S$ on discrete abelian groups $A$ by endomorphisms, generalizing the classical case $S=\mathbb N$. Its central claim is an Addition Theorem: whenever $A$ is torsion and $B$ is an $\alpha$-invariant subgroup, $\operatorname{ent}(\alpha)=\operatorname{ent}(\alpha_B)+\operatorname{ent}(\alpha_{A/B})$. Its second central claim is a Bridge Theorem: for actions of cancellative left amenable monoids on totally disconnected compact abelian groups, the topological entropy of the action equals the algebraic entropy of the Pontryagin-dual action. These two theorems together yield an Addition Theorem for the topological entropy. The reader should care because the paper shows that entropy behaves like a length function on a natural algebraic category, and because the bridge makes algebraic and topological entropy computable from each other.

What carries the argument

The central object is the functional $H_S(f)=\lim_i f(F_i)/|F_i|$ on increasing, subadditive, left-subinvariant functions on the finite subsets of a cancellative right amenable monoid $S$, where $(F_i)$ is a right Følner net; its net-independence is imported from the semigroup mean theorem (Theorem 3.1). Applied to $f_X(F)=\log|\sum_{s\in F}\alpha(s)(X)|$, it produces $H_{\mathrm{alg}}(\alpha,X)$. The proof of the Addition Theorem is carried by the Filling Theorem (Theorem 6.6), which for any $\varepsilon$ finds finitely many translates $P_jF_j$ that almost cover a Følner set $D$ and are almost disjoint, so entropy sums split over the pieces; a Fubini-type theorem (Theorem 3.10) then controls the comparison of entropies over different right Følner nets. The Bridge Theorem is carried by Pontryagin duality: the annihilator correspondence $B\mapsto B^\perp$ bijects finite subgroups of the torsion discrete group with open subgroups of its compact dual, converting trajectory size $\log|T_F(B)|$ into the index $\log[\widehat A : C_F(\widehat\alpha,B^\perp)]$ that defines topological entropy.

What would settle it

Compute the defining trajectory limits for the $\mathbb N$-action on $A=\bigoplus_{i\in\mathbb Z}(\mathbb Z/2\mathbb Z)$ with shifts $e_i\mapsto e_{i+s}$, taking $B=\mathrm{span}\{e_i:i\ge 0\}$. The Addition Theorem predicts $\operatorname{ent}(\alpha)=\log 2$, $\operatorname{ent}(\alpha_B)=\log 2$, and $\operatorname{ent}(\alpha_{A/B})=0$; a direct count gives $|T_n(\{e_0\})|=2^n$ and $|T_n(\{e_{-1}+B\})|=2$. Any mismatch in the identity, or any dependence of the limits on the chosen right Følner net, would refute Theorem 1.1 or the imported mean theorem.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper introduces two variants of algebraic entropy, $\operatorname{ent}$ and $h_{\mathrm{alg}}$, both defined by taking the supremum, over finite subgroups (for $\operatorname{ent}$) or finite subsets (for $h_{\mathrm{alg}}$), of the Følner average of $\log|T_F(\alpha,X)|$ along right Følner nets; the two coincide on torsion abelian groups. Its principal claim is that on torsion abelian groups this entropy is additive over invariant subgroups (Theorem 1.1), the proof of which uses a Filling Theorem to break an arbitrary Følner set into finitely many translates of fixed shapes, avoiding the classification of torsion abelian groups. Its second principal claim is the Bridge Theorem (Theorem 1.2): if $S$ is a cancellative left amenable monoid acting by continuous endomorphisms on a totally disconnected compact abelian group $K$, then the topological entropy of the action equals the algebraic entropy of the induced right action on the discrete Pontryagin dual $\widehat K$; since the duals of totally disconnected compact groups are exactly the torsion abelian groups, this connects the two entropies on the full class where both are defined.

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is the imported theorem that subadditive left-subinvariant functions on cancellative right amenable semigroups have a Følner-net-independent mean; if that mean depended on the net, neither entropy would be well-defined.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • For every left action of a cancellative right amenable monoid on a torsion abelian group, entropy is additive over invariant subgroups, making $\operatorname{ent}$ a length function on the category of torsion $\mathbb Z[S]$-modules that is also continuous under direct limits.
  • For cancellative left amenable monoids acting on totally disconnected compact abelian groups, topological entropy satisfies the same addition identity; this is a direct corollary of the Addition and Bridge Theorems.
  • Finite-index subgroups obey a Logarithmic Law: if $[G:H]=k$, then $h_{\mathrm{alg}}(\alpha\!\upharpoonright\!H)=k\,h_{\mathrm{alg}}(\alpha)$, and the same holds for $\operatorname{ent}$.
  • Many natural higher-rank actions have zero algebraic entropy: actions of $\mathbb N^d$ ($d>1$) on torsion-free finite-rank abelian groups, and the multiplicative action of upper-triangular subgroups of $\mathrm{GL}_n(K)$ on $K^n$ for infinite $K$.
  • Whenever an action factors through a quotient by an infinite normal subgroup lying in the kernel, its algebraic entropy is zero.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The Filling-Theorem proof does not use the structure theory of torsion abelian groups, so the same template may prove the Addition Theorem for any additive invariant that is continuous under direct limits and behaves like a length function on module categories—beyond the logarithmic one used here.
  • The conjectures in Section 8 suggest the results should survive when $A$ is not torsion (Addition Theorem) and when $K$ is not totally disconnected (Bridge Theorem); a positive answer would make algebraic and topological entropy of amenable-group actions on locally compact abelian groups completely parallel.
  • The frequent vanishing for $\mathbb N^d$ and matrix group actions indicates that for genuinely multidimensional amenable semigroup actions, nonzero algebraic entropy is concentrated in shift-type actions and in phenomena invisible to the Følner average, a setting where alternative invariants such as receptive entropies would be tested.
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Editorial analysis

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Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

0 major / 7 minor

Summary. The paper extends algebraic entropy to left actions of cancellative right amenable monoids on discrete abelian groups by endomorphisms, defining two quantities, halg and ent, which agree on torsion groups. The main results are Theorem 1.1 (Addition Theorem): for a left action of a cancellative right amenable monoid on a torsion abelian group and an invariant subgroup B, ent(alpha)=ent(alpha_B)+ent(alpha_{A/B}); and Theorem 1.2 (Bridge Theorem): for a left action of a cancellative left amenable monoid on a totally disconnected compact abelian group, the topological entropy equals the algebraic entropy of the dual right action. The paper also develops a Følner-based integration theory for subadditive functions on amenable semigroups, proves restriction and quotient entropy formulas for amenable group actions, and derives an Addition Theorem for topological entropy of actions on totally disconnected compact abelian groups via Pontryagin duality.

Significance. If correct, the results unify and generalize the classical Weiss/Peters algebraic entropy and the corresponding Bridge Theorem to a substantial class of amenable semigroup actions, going beyond the group actions treated by Virili. The proofs are explicit and are built on the published Ornstein–Weiss-type theorem of Ceccherini-Silberstein–Coornaert–Krieger and the Filling Theorem; the main arguments do not circularly reduce to the quantities being defined, and no fitted parameters are used. The paper is a serious contribution to entropy theory on groups and monoids and should be of interest to readers in algebraic entropy, topological entropy, and amenability. The strengths include the careful statement of the external tools on which the construction depends and the explicit epsilon-tracking in the proof of the Addition Theorem, modulo the presentation issues noted below.

minor comments (7)
  1. [2.3, Proposition 2.17] The proof invokes Lemma 2.7(a) to find F with |FE \ F|/|F| ≤ 1/n, but the defining property (2.6) requires |F(E,n)s Δ F(E,n)|/|F(E,n)| ≤ 1/n for each s ∈ E. The proof should instead use |FE Δ F|/|F| ≤ 1/n (or adjust the constant by a factor of 2) so that the stated definition of a canonically indexed right Følner net is actually satisfied.
  2. [6.3, Eqs. (6.7) and (6.13)] The displayed inequalities in the proof of Proposition 6.13 use what appears to be multiplicative epsilons, e.g., '≤5ε ent(αB) + Halg(...)' and '≤3ε Halg(...)'. The surrounding derivation supports only additive epsilon terms of the form '≤5ε + ent(αB) + Halg(...)' and '≤Halg(...) + 3ε'. These displays should be corrected to match the argument, since the literal multiplicative reading is inconsistent with the rest of the proof.
  3. [6.3, Proposition 6.13] The definition of \barε = ε/(2ℓ(Y)) is undefined when Y = {0}, since ℓ(Y) = 0. The case Y = {0} should be treated separately (its entropy contribution is zero) so that the proof covers all finite subgroups Y of A.
  4. [6.3, Proposition 6.13] The hypothesis is stated as 'S a right amenable monoid', but the proof applies Corollary 6.10 and Theorem 6.6, both of which require cancellativity of S. The statement should read 'cancellative right amenable monoid' in order for the quoted external theorems to apply.
  5. [1, Theorem 1.2] The statement says that γ induces a dual right action on 'the Pontryagin dual of A', but the group A has not yet been introduced at that point; the intended group is the Pontryagin dual of K, namely A = \hat{K}. This should be corrected to avoid confusion.
  6. [5.1, proof of Lemma 5.2] The expression 'Halg(α, ↾G,TEm(α↾H,X))' contains a misplaced comma and should be written as Halg(α↾G, T_{E_m}(α↾H,X)) for clarity.
  7. [Throughout] The manuscript contains numerous typographical and OCR artifacts, such as 'ε2N' in Theorem 6.6, incomplete or garbled footnote material in §2.3, and inconsistent notation like 'δn,n' in Example 2.28. These should be cleaned up before publication.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the Addition and Bridge Theorems are proved from external Følner machinery and Pontryagin duality, not from their own conclusions.

full rationale

The definitions of ent, halg, and htop all depend on the net-independence of Følner limits, which is imported from the external Ornstein–Weiss-type theorem of Ceccherini-Silberstein, Coornaert, and Krieger (Theorem 3.1 and Corollary 3.2, from [11]). This is a legitimate external foundation and not a self-citation. The Addition Theorem (Theorem 1.1) is proved in Propositions 6.12 and 6.13 using the imported Filling Theorem 6.6 to construct ε-tilings; the estimates compare trajectory sizes directly and the target equality is never assumed as a hypothesis. The Bridge Theorem (Theorem 1.2, proved in Theorem 7.7) rests on the pointwise identity |T_F(α,B)| = [Â : C_F(α̂,B⊥)] of Lemma 7.6, obtained from annihilators and Pontryagin duality, and then on taking the same Følner limit on both sides; this is a genuine transfer theorem rather than a definitional reduction. Self-citations to earlier papers such as [28] and [30] are invoked only to recall established facts about the classical N-action case in examples and corollaries, not to force the new central theorems. No fitted parameter is renamed as a prediction, no uniqueness theorem is imported from the authors' own work to close an argument, and no ansatz is smuggled in by citation. The derivation chain is therefore self-contained relative to its stated external foundations.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 8 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central results rest on external Følner machinery, classical duality, and the explicit structural assumptions listed here. No free parameters are fitted and no new postulated entities are introduced.

assumptions (8)
  • standard math Ornstein-Weiss Lemma for cancellative right amenable semigroups: every subadditive, left subinvariant, uniformly bounded function on finite subsets has a Følner-net-independent mean.
    Imported from [11, Theorem 1.1] as Theorem 3.1 and Corollary 3.2; it is the foundation of the entropy integral used throughout Section 4.
  • standard math Existence and characterization of Følner nets for cancellative right amenable monoids.
    Derived from [59, Corollary 4.3] in Theorem 2.4; used to construct canonically indexed Følner nets and to transfer Følner properties to products and sections.
  • standard math Filling Theorem for ε-tilings of Følner sets in cancellative semigroups.
    Imported from [11, Theorem 3.8] as Theorem 6.6; it is load-bearing in the proof of the harder inequality of the Addition Theorem in Proposition 6.13.
  • standard math Pontryagin-van Kampen duality, annihilator properties, and van Dantzig's theorem that open subgroups form a local base for totally disconnected compact groups.
    These classical facts underlie the Bridge Theorem by identifying finite subgroups of the dual with open subgroups, as in Section 7.
  • standard math Right amenable semigroups satisfy the left Ore condition and admit common right multiples.
    Used in Lemma 2.24 and Corollary 4.30; cited from [63, Proposition 1.23].
  • domain assumption Domain assumption: S is a cancellative right amenable monoid for algebraic entropy and a cancellative left amenable monoid for topological entropy.
    All definitions and main theorems are stated under this amenability and cancellativity hypothesis; moving outside these classes would require different entropy notions.
  • domain assumption Good section hypothesis in Theorem 3.10: a quotient map π:S→C admits a section σ whose values are good elements, so Nσ(c)=σ(c)N=π^{-1}(c).
    This hypothesis is not automatic, as Examples 2.21(e)-(g) show; it is needed for the Fubini-type theorem and for the quotient entropy computations in Section 5.
  • domain assumption A is a torsion abelian group in the Addition Theorem and the Bridge Theorem.
    Both theorems are stated for torsion abelian groups; the general non-torsion case is left as Conjectures 8.5 and 8.6.

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Pith. "Pith review of Algebraic entropy for amenable semigroup actions." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/P5XSFEFP

@misc{pith2026190801983,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Algebraic entropy for amenable semigroup actions},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/P5XSFEFP}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:1908.01983}
}
abstract

We introduce two notions of algebraic entropy for actions of cancellative right amenable semigroups $S$ on discrete abelian groups $A$ by endomorphisms; these extend the classical algebraic entropy for endomorphisms of abelian groups, corresponding to the case $S=\mathbb N$. We investigate the fundamental properties of the algebraic entropy and compute it in several examples, paying special attention to the case when S is an amenable group. For actions of cancellative right amenable monoids on torsion abelian groups, we prove the so called Addition Theorem. In the same setting, we see that a Bridge Theorem connects the algebraic entropy with the topological entropy of the dual action by means of the Pontryagin duality, so that we derive an Addition Theorem for the topological entropy of actions of cancellative left amenable monoids on totally disconnected compact abelian groups.

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