Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 46 of 46 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:1908.02922.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
1908.02922 v3

Coverage vector

measured 46 of 46 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.383132Z

measured 47 of 47 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-07T09:19:03.878106Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-12T09:46:27.426219Z

Reference resolution

46 of 46 outbound references displayed

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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation c5a38baf-9a34-4cd9-bd67-e43f6cca8501 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:05.139783Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 026555e1-16f4-4950-aa43-0b6d2fcd3579 · outbound

This paper cites , Eckles , Dean D.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , Eckles , Dean D

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:05.127411Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation bd608fb6-a417-4dd2-a9bc-a1dc4a5230e7 · outbound

This paper cites , Small , Dylan S.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , Small , Dylan S

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:05.114019Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation d56216fa-8be2-4f86-b3fb-d9b19aec8a72 · outbound

This paper cites Zhao , Hongwei H.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Zhao , Hongwei H

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:05.097636Z

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Observation 03636238-2ac5-4c73-8c76-c59cae464f44 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:05.082260Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 1927f1b5-90b6-4b01-a2a6-7b57d14684eb · outbound

This paper cites , Nosko , Chris C.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , Nosko , Chris C

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:05.067639Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation e2bf2ddb-1f80-4dc1-b71c-c2a38725b238 · outbound

This paper cites , Liu , Hanzhong H.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , Liu , Hanzhong H

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:05.055194Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 5f66e41c-2fc9-4e4d-8cf8-9b5e73f04590 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:05.043895Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 7c54a042-6b23-45a7-adec-8d812fc42fc4 · outbound

This paper cites IAB Internet Advertising Report: 2017 Full Year Results.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments IAB Internet Advertising Report: 2017 Full Year Results

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:05.031316Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 06e3f172-c9ea-4683-97cc-085bcac524ff · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:05.017527Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 12b0f7f6-40cb-48fd-89a8-0d161d66a74d · outbound

This paper cites , Longfils , Marco M.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , Longfils , Marco M

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:05.004249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation ffdc448f-57d1-4b51-9d4d-dceaf78e35a5 · outbound

This paper cites , Chan , David D.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , Chan , David D

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.984214Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation c667b692-8e2b-43b0-8e4a-3acc2defb32d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.968769Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation c0691562-db57-4f61-8692-0f677e4e2439 · outbound

This paper cites , Feller , Avi A.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , Feller , Avi A

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.953648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 8dbbfa57-3bf1-439f-b038-36da6e79ecaf · outbound

This paper cites Tucker , Catherine C.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Tucker , Catherine C

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.940184Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 4e755fc9-b732-4eda-ad57-c97a710f7888 · outbound

This paper cites , Zettelmeyer , Florian F.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , Zettelmeyer , Florian F

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.927070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 176dd6b9-d22d-4085-a044-cd52f3a1be7a · outbound

This paper cites ( 1981 ).

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments ( 1981 )

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.914259Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation f0d94c5a-9909-42be-ad70-54f7a25c379a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.901253Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 0b060585-8227-42cd-9f8f-a5419cfa6d06 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.887436Z

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Observation b506e49a-d315-49e5-bb4e-2adfd8b0a5e3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.874038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 14565da2-61b4-4eac-827c-0a08963146b3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.862378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 72d77b42-ab64-46e1-b5dd-9106f33526b9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.851021Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation e6dbd4d2-776f-4bb8-b532-3defda237bd7 · outbound

This paper cites , McAteer , John J.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , McAteer , John J

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.838738Z

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Observation adf28c6f-10bb-4fa9-89af-397c5aaefbb9 · outbound

This paper cites , Wang , Peng P.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , Wang , Peng P

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.826037Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 93f6c5cc-d599-4b3d-8354-8db3c5616588 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.814917Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation f888b10c-3cb7-4bc5-b18c-b2bc21927611 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.802530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 513aaff8-32c2-45e3-947f-f5b5dfa74535 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.789182Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 18492662-02ba-4908-9472-d7019de876a1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.775862Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation e1c6c83e-9b65-4823-a698-053d8a62f645 · outbound

This paper cites ( 2013 ).

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments ( 2013 )

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.762147Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation ae3058ec-622b-4198-86e2-35c38104a484 · outbound

This paper cites , Small , Dylan S.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , Small , Dylan S

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.749620Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 54cf1341-975c-4afa-b120-7cdf7616b502 · outbound

This paper cites Quasi-Oracle Estimation of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Quasi-Oracle Estimation of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects

Reference 31

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Observation b3e549f0-321c-46ad-9a38-98350a72be9e · outbound

This paper cites , Aydin , Kevin K.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , Aydin , Kevin K

Reference 32

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dda6fefe-4b44-4998-99cb-0506111827d6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.736215Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 17fe7585-6695-4039-ab69-618737abf4ad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.724685Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 08a06c78-a206-4a83-b760-d8a6bb0e99bc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.712270Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 138c777f-2ff0-4769-9d0c-1bca22eb16ad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.698368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 2ebf6e53-b10d-4745-8380-5817eb717c95 · outbound

This paper cites R andomization A nalysis of E xperimental D ata in the F isher R andomization T est.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments R andomization A nalysis of E xperimental D ata in the F isher R andomization T est

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.678451Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation b9f4077b-922c-4a0b-908f-ade303a9c675 · outbound

This paper cites , Vaver , Jon J.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , Vaver , Jon J

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.660007Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation b609569b-d74f-4c20-9bb9-9a216a14835a · outbound

This paper cites Rosenbaum , Paul R.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Rosenbaum , Paul R

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.642946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 41260215-a10f-44e5-a42a-20c03e1fe6ab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.625111Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 22bac6c5-8fa4-42b1-b0b6-325010f488a6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 01729d85-e09f-4cef-8624-9d432591309d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.610275Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation f23e1e1b-03a8-41f8-aacc-c7cb8c2fe422 · outbound

This paper cites Koehler , Jim J.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Koehler , Jim J

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.595384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation bc0c351b-7319-43b7-bc0c-7a1e152e60e5 · outbound

This paper cites Athey , Susan S.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments Athey , Susan S

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.375520Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 54125563-0b44-48c7-8308-f86b45d7e159 · outbound

This paper cites ( 2016 ).

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments ( 2016 )

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.583166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 1e0055e6-a4d7-4616-99eb-53e7199ee51f · outbound

This paper cites , Malik , Saarthak S.

Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments , Malik , Saarthak S

Reference 46

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:36:04.569576Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 488ae290-0cde-497a-aecd-e8c976218e64 · inbound

Bayesian X-Learner: Calibrated Posterior Inference for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects under Heavy-Tailed Outcomes cites this paper.

Bayesian X-Learner: Calibrated Posterior Inference for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects under Heavy-Tailed Outcomes Robust Causal Inference for Incremental Return on Ad Spend with Randomized Paired Geo Experiments

Reference 3

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T09:46:27.428497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.