Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.03548.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
1908.03548 v1

Coverage vector

measured 32 of 32 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:08.711678Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

32 of 32 outbound references displayed

verified exact5
verified fuzzy20
unresolved7
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 50cf0fe4-e41a-42e9-948d-2ce644bc7759 · outbound

This paper cites unmapped.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization unmapped

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.274245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 5dfc61dc-706c-48af-bab1-da25e9b831f9 · outbound

This paper cites Entity Linking with a Knowledge Base: Issues, Techniques, and Solutions.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization Entity Linking with a Knowledge Base: Issues, Techniques, and Solutions

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:08.594423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 25756849-3c7f-4e78-809d-532e57098442 · outbound

This paper cites CNN-based ranking for biomedical entity normalization.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization CNN-based ranking for biomedical entity normalization

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.263715Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 603880c6-3bba-4c8b-a449-87a2237dc592 · outbound

This paper cites Sieve-Based Entity Linking for the Biomedical Domain.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization Sieve-Based Entity Linking for the Biomedical Domain

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.251849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation b6f166ad-f389-4c56-9cac-044659ffdde1 · outbound

This paper cites UWM: Disorder Mention Extraction from Clinical Text Using CRFs and Normalization Using Learned Edit Distance Patterns.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization UWM: Disorder Mention Extraction from Clinical Text Using CRFs and Normalization Using Learned Edit Distance Patterns

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.240121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 3662f14c-bdee-45f7-90e8-3d51945a0698 · outbound

This paper cites Using rule-based natural language processing to improve disease normalization in biomedical text.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization Using rule-based natural language processing to improve disease normalization in biomedical text

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.227023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation aa0924b5-b66e-4415-9889-288bcc31c8a9 · outbound

This paper cites DNorm: disease name normalization with pairwise learning to rank.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization DNorm: disease name normalization with pairwise learning to rank

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.215121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation fb50b3e7-112b-41ee-9a31-37e79c4583ca · outbound

This paper cites The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS): integrating biomedical terminology.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS): integrating biomedical terminology

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:08.618355Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3dd4e65b-4937-483b-8a6c-5224728e4378 · outbound

This paper cites SemEval-2014 Task 7: Analysis of Clinical Text.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization SemEval-2014 Task 7: Analysis of Clinical Text

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.203411Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation df1d3381-dac7-4dd2-8d1f-af2dd39567e4 · outbound

This paper cites Large-scale linear ranksvm.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization Large-scale linear ranksvm

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.191083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 18e3da76-1824-4e9b-97cf-daf10a2a175f · outbound

This paper cites Overview of the TAC 2017 Adverse Reaction Extraction from Drug Labels Track.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization Overview of the TAC 2017 Adverse Reaction Extraction from Drug Labels Track

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.179153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 189056a1-b97b-43fc-bdc7-0a8add338dd6 · outbound

This paper cites Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.167113Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 28c6f389-13af-4888-a34e-006354dd4af1 · outbound

This paper cites Deep Contextualized Word Representations.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization Deep Contextualized Word Representations

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.154947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation be3d2911-e9cc-4c1e-999e-60ab3a2b9276 · outbound

This paper cites BioBERT: a pre-trained biomedical language representation model for biomedical text mining.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization BioBERT: a pre-trained biomedical language representation model for biomedical text mining

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:08.641556Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 22cb0302-d20e-43c1-9382-0293b0c962a3 · outbound

This paper cites Enhancing clinical concept extraction with contextual embeddings.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization Enhancing clinical concept extraction with contextual embeddings

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:08.782358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation b0423eb0-b6ac-4326-a2a3-5daf1a8e0ef5 · outbound

This paper cites ClinicalBERT: Modeling Clinical Notes and Predicting Hospital Readmission.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization ClinicalBERT: Modeling Clinical Notes and Predicting Hospital Readmission

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:08.649592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c4867c99-2792-4b68-aaad-349e60bb782c · outbound

This paper cites Publicly Available Clinical BERT Embeddings.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization Publicly Available Clinical BERT Embeddings

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:08.653764Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e2c10fc2-7ab2-4e3a-9793-4b2742f245ab · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the state of the art in disorder recognition and normalization of the clinical narrative.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization Evaluating the state of the art in disorder recognition and normalization of the clinical narrative

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:08.770532Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 1d53e71e-28d4-45ea-b21f-3ce64538eb26 · outbound

This paper cites NCBI disease corpus: a resource for disease name recognition and concept normalization.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization NCBI disease corpus: a resource for disease name recognition and concept normalization

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.143422Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 290dc79a-480a-4a1e-8ae7-718592c9d031 · outbound

This paper cites MEDIC: a practical disease vocabulary used at the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization MEDIC: a practical disease vocabulary used at the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:08.758351Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 23dff86c-99d2-40ce-8e60-08bee05c63f5 · outbound

This paper cites Abbreviation definition identification based on automatic precision estimates.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization Abbreviation definition identification based on automatic precision estimates

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:08.746274Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 4fc4e73e-90af-4996-83f4-75063404507f · outbound

This paper cites A Simple Algorithm for Identifying Abbreviation Definitions in Biomedical Text.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization A Simple Algorithm for Identifying Abbreviation Definitions in Biomedical Text

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.131505Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation de482e44-d136-43e8-be1a-78fe558f5ee5 · outbound

This paper cites CLAMP - a toolkit for efficiently building customized clinical natural language processing pipelines.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization CLAMP - a toolkit for efficiently building customized clinical natural language processing pipelines

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.119548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation ea414580-4d4c-4843-b321-8cc069a6c3d3 · outbound

This paper cites An Information Retrieval Approach to Short Text Conversation.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization An Information Retrieval Approach to Short Text Conversation

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:08.937107Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation baa8a4ae-9162-409e-aa1b-2810fa42a6de · outbound

This paper cites UTH-CCB: The Participation of the SemEval 2015 Challenge - Task.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization UTH-CCB: The Participation of the SemEval 2015 Challenge - Task

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.107052Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 88761268-0b85-4449-8178-b425e7923148 · outbound

This paper cites 2015:311-314.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization 2015:311-314

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.093363Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 66e70f66-771c-4776-962a-8dce6cd6dc37 · outbound

This paper cites UTH_CCB: a report for semeval 2014 - task 7 analysis of clinical text.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization UTH_CCB: a report for semeval 2014 - task 7 analysis of clinical text

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.081595Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation d4689708-43e6-4dde-ac2c-42eef5dadef1 · outbound

This paper cites Okapi at TREC-3.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization Okapi at TREC-3

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.069735Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation a8aec200-6bc6-4614-91c3-ba0f3e2fd1ce · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:08.699784Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9027c651-e686-4acb-9f80-547307ea4e2c · outbound

This paper cites MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization MIMIC-III, a freely accessible critical care database

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.057390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 6a97adac-46a4-48f8-a7c8-d8c271a4c5a8 · outbound

This paper cites TaggerOne: joint named entity recognition and normalization with semi-Markov Models.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization TaggerOne: joint named entity recognition and normalization with semi-Markov Models

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:09.044618Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 2482e0be-ac33-4e70-a683-7b6f59a509f5 · outbound

This paper cites Joint Recognition and Linking of Fine-Grained Locations from Tweets.

BERT-based Ranking for Biomedical Entity Normalization Joint Recognition and Linking of Fine-Grained Locations from Tweets

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:15:08.711678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.