Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.354637Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality
As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 51 of 51 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.03749.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
51 of 51 outbound references displayed
- verified exact4
- verified fuzzy36
- unresolved11
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation fc1e3c98-8d68-419e-b946-5c7ad58bd28e · outbound
This paper cites write newline.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality write newline
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.131288Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fe797a67-59cc-4e98-b4df-38fb5f253683 · outbound
This paper cites Anantharaman-Delaroche, Amenability and exactness for dynamical systems and their C^ -algebras , Trans.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Anantharaman-Delaroche, Amenability and exactness for dynamical systems and their C^ -algebras , Trans
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.310105Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation a8c0caa1-0ca4-44d3-bf15-573daeb4852a · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Unresolved cited work
Reference 3
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.293891Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 0b32cd5b-9228-4594-b506-84431a50f364 · outbound
This paper cites On the Baum-Connes Conjecture for Groups Acting on CAT(0)-Cubical Spaces.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality On the Baum-Connes Conjecture for Groups Acting on CAT(0)-Cubical Spaces
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.457517Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation e293cee4-fd2f-44ef-9081-40960ccc0ee9 · outbound
This paper cites Blackadar, K -theory for operator algebras , second ed., Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Publications, vol.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Blackadar, K -theory for operator algebras , second ed., Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Publications, vol
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.268568Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 9cc940b0-609f-40a4-86e7-ed61472d8934 · outbound
This paper cites Block, Duality and equivalence of module categories in noncommutative geometry, A celebration of the mathematical legacy of R aoul B ott, CRM Proc.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Block, Duality and equivalence of module categories in noncommutative geometry, A celebration of the mathematical legacy of R aoul B ott, CRM Proc
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.251643Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 8036fec4-4edc-45bf-97f4-b5442efad08c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.237442Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation a040340d-8da0-44ad-a593-17801a3c1cdd · outbound
This paper cites Brodzki , V.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Brodzki , V
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.224875Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation bc967868-e4ba-40f6-88f6-012dfca5a89d · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.212410Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 5dbcc4da-a7d6-4553-a5ff-5f8441f7b472 · outbound
This paper cites Connes, Noncommutative geometry, Academic Press, 1994.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Connes, Noncommutative geometry, Academic Press, 1994
Reference 10
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.174269Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c6cd83a6-ee13-4751-a37c-369ea33b5fe3 · outbound
This paper cites Connes, Gravity coupled with matter and the foundation of non-commutative geometry, Comm.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Connes, Gravity coupled with matter and the foundation of non-commutative geometry, Comm
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.187759Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 7b088db7-3215-446d-92d8-c71da371bef8 · outbound
This paper cites Dadarlat, Continuous fields of C^* -algebras over finite dimensional spaces , Adv.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Dadarlat, Continuous fields of C^* -algebras over finite dimensional spaces , Adv
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.173706Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation b31aca63-9b84-4b47-87ce-99472f2c093c · outbound
This paper cites A functorial equivariant K-theory spectrum and an equivariant Lefschetz formula.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality A functorial equivariant K-theory spectrum and an equivariant Lefschetz formula
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.439331Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 3c40fd05-3f89-4c71-a2b4-ff299ad9b61e · outbound
This paper cites Dell'Ambrogio, H.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Dell'Ambrogio, H
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.158821Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation fec6e098-af9b-456e-a67b-dc0869ed0823 · outbound
This paper cites Echterhoff, H.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Echterhoff, H
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.146180Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 1dd94dd8-544d-4436-b8bb-cda15cc14a93 · outbound
This paper cites Emerson and R.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Emerson and R
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.134676Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 48bdca28-f061-4dd4-979d-af1314c9ceeb · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.123047Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 0d2a8d89-7c06-4810-8633-cc8d900a9f27 · outbound
This paper cites Emerson, Noncommutative P oincar\' e duality for boundary actions of hyperbolic groups , J.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Emerson, Noncommutative P oincar\' e duality for boundary actions of hyperbolic groups , J
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.110723Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 4b2d90be-604b-4312-8172-703b50b96071 · outbound
This paper cites Emerson , Lefschetz numbers for \(C^*\)-algebras.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Emerson , Lefschetz numbers for \(C^*\)-algebras
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.097781Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation ca620561-3120-4354-9fd5-e7f7f8f549a8 · outbound
This paper cites Guentner, N.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Guentner, N
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.082015Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation b9707dc5-8012-472a-a04d-37b532bcc6b2 · outbound
This paper cites Higson and E.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Higson and E
Reference 21
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.068859Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 7ba8bf6a-e371-4867-81f2-172f66a9e6a8 · outbound
This paper cites Higson, On a technical theorem of K asparov , J.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Higson, On a technical theorem of K asparov , J
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.054013Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 9882c2ea-c9ff-4586-98a8-b1dd43334363 · outbound
This paper cites Higson and G.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Higson and G
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.042006Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 770908e6-45eb-4707-9811-f13567320bcf · outbound
This paper cites Julg and G.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Julg and G
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.026783Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation cc329930-aa90-4c54-ace5-826ed6ab899e · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Unresolved cited work
Reference 25
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:57.002006Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 637dbb3c-e246-4be1-ba3c-2faaac5b5230 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.986650Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation b5564e98-fa17-4b55-8cfa-1114906f5dae · outbound
This paper cites 1 ( O berwolfach, 1993), London Math.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality 1 ( O berwolfach, 1993), London Math
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.972048Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 31d798b8-0463-4051-b65d-0443aa77b546 · outbound
This paper cites Kaminker and I.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Kaminker and I
Reference 28
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.959476Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation ae5b3bf6-a533-4b40-a756-a830448b62a4 · outbound
This paper cites Index theory on the Mi\v{s}\v{c}enko bundle.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Index theory on the Mi\v{s}\v{c}enko bundle
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.421653Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 943ae673-b79e-4b9d-997e-e98e7dea4cb2 · outbound
This paper cites Kaminker, I.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Kaminker, I
Reference 30
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.947681Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 0582cff4-7527-4c10-a7fd-ab04c4dbc1ba · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.935997Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation aea9b09f-3776-4108-aebf-7356c7627cc7 · outbound
This paper cites Kasparov and G.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Kasparov and G
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.924092Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 8fc9a11d-5841-4829-b764-e13da3373189 · outbound
This paper cites Kaminker and C.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Kaminker and C
Reference 33
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.912193Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 7b604146-04fe-4051-97f3-43590fb62625 · outbound
This paper cites Lafforgue , La conjecture de Baum-Connes \`a coefficients pour les groupes hyperboliques.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Lafforgue , La conjecture de Baum-Connes \`a coefficients pour les groupes hyperboliques
Reference 34
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.899977Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 07956782-7801-4249-9ca7-b87a2c97612e · outbound
This paper cites Land, The analytical assembly map and index theory, Journal of Noncommutative Geometry 9 (2015), 603--619.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Land, The analytical assembly map and index theory, Journal of Noncommutative Geometry 9 (2015), 603--619
Reference 35
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.887951Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation a5b1575f-30d2-4ba0-82ef-b488acc213ca · outbound
This paper cites Meyer, Equivariant K asparov theory and generalized homomorphisms , K -Theory 21 (2000), no.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Meyer, Equivariant K asparov theory and generalized homomorphisms , K -Theory 21 (2000), no
Reference 36
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.875407Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 03c28fd2-41c1-4386-8ca6-8e8fc96ae6c3 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Unresolved cited work
Reference 37
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.863286Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 7d2fba42-8ee4-486c-9575-3e6232b8602b · outbound
This paper cites Meyer and R.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Meyer and R
Reference 38
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.851154Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation b47a18a6-67a7-46cc-953b-157c6cb494f3 · outbound
This paper cites I , Triangulated categories, London Math.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality I , Triangulated categories, London Math
Reference 39
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.837160Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 6513ff9c-1818-4554-bc14-4cd770a38f10 · outbound
This paper cites Meintrup and T.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Meintrup and T
Reference 40
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.822655Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation a406eba0-a182-44ae-8136-d4423245f120 · outbound
This paper cites Mineyev and G.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Mineyev and G
Reference 41
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.808851Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 9f1d9f05-d747-4ca4-be65-2649f465f462 · outbound
This paper cites Neeman, Triangulated categories, Annals of Mathematics Studies, vol.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Neeman, Triangulated categories, Annals of Mathematics Studies, vol
Reference 42
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.792808Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation e70208b8-8099-49ec-8af2-48720d4b14df · outbound
This paper cites Nishikawa, Direct splitting method for the B aum-- C onnes conjecture , Journal of Functional Analysis 277 (2019), no.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Nishikawa, Direct splitting method for the B aum-- C onnes conjecture , Journal of Functional Analysis 277 (2019), no
Reference 43
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.774765Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 63715076-eb8b-480f-8f36-f64d86c39f4d · outbound
This paper cites Extended Affine Weyl groups, the Baum-Connes correspondence and Langlands duality.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Extended Affine Weyl groups, the Baum-Connes correspondence and Langlands duality
Reference 44
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.401925Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation e7cb43eb-f99d-4aa5-8f7e-a0aa872acae5 · outbound
This paper cites Rieffel, Strong morita equivalence of certain transformation group C^* -algebras , Math.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Rieffel, Strong morita equivalence of certain transformation group C^* -algebras , Math
Reference 45
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.760903Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 044d5170-79db-411d-a224-62091e81434c · outbound
This paper cites Rosenberg and C.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Rosenberg and C
Reference 46
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.672905Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 403f7cdd-8402-4594-8a62-533a621d53dc · outbound
This paper cites Skandalis, Une notion de nucl\' e arit\' e en K -th\' e orie (d'apr\`es J.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Skandalis, Une notion de nucl\' e arit\' e en K -th\' e orie (d'apr\`es J
Reference 47
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.564124Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation 65919f86-70c9-4464-a20e-ad4256b30bca · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Unresolved cited work
Reference 48
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.522842Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation c6d41930-8f35-403b-8d08-3ad9acfb1795 · outbound
This paper cites Tu, The B aum- C onnes conjecture for groupoids , C^* -algebras ( M \" u nster, 1999), Springer, Berlin, 2000, pp.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Tu, The B aum- C onnes conjecture for groupoids , C^* -algebras ( M \" u nster, 1999), Springer, Berlin, 2000, pp
Reference 49
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.504902Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation eb21c3ed-6aaf-46cc-b7dd-5b9dbb73cc5b · outbound
This paper cites Uuye, The B aum- C onnes conjecture for KK -theory , J.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality Uuye, The B aum- C onnes conjecture for KK -theory , J
Reference 50
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.489839Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Observation bba1da13-a2e0-4267-b192-02cef4ac3bd6 · outbound
This paper cites urich, Birkh\.
Groups with Spanier-Whitehead duality urich, Birkh\
Reference 51
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:16:56.470505Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.