Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:07.847592Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
The History of Digital Spam
As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 44 of 44 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.06173.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
44 of 44 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy4
- unresolved40
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation eb97fe0a-c132-4e36-b719-23c90da5e018 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.418511Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 8209dbe7-e41d-4754-9d5d-66083b437c41 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 2
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.404274Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 7a9bc30c-4dee-4991-ba6a-beac293a3820 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 3
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.391538Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 523b1e8e-9c35-4817-a723-364c3f012da0 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 4
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.379273Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 80eb2242-e521-4d9d-936e-7718b58d022f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 5
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:07.702876Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1e5f6be5-0401-44b2-8438-04075a39f5a7 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 6
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.359802Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 3afa7657-40e8-489c-80fc-a4b15b40784f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.347278Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6fd73c8b-9c98-4032-8157-bf02a8fc6455 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 8
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.334169Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 97bc9ce2-614e-4d5c-a0aa-c2a996a9c36f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.321019Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 38f03f75-5c85-402d-b4bb-80bd397c8f27 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.307080Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation b08ca7a0-bb6a-40dc-93de-c577eca42f3a · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 11
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.293452Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 3e67809a-8f53-4f47-8bfa-c4af253d9e88 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 12
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:07.729578Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1d47f54a-b9f4-4329-9588-b790d7d83620 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 13
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.259475Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 561d64ef-5660-4c84-9fd2-c98aab382f4c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 14
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.247062Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 9cc0232a-98b6-4cd7-8551-581c9bba0a62 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 15
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.234845Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 25c89224-b343-4bce-b34c-f564c424d9c1 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.220314Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 8954b19b-1952-4482-b336-b4a0bfce5c25 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.206647Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 76bd08f5-afc7-48b9-8160-2f991289b2ad · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 18
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.193852Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e4af6340-6d57-4bba-960f-3204b334e1c9 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.168831Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 086760ac-461d-43b5-b303-4e4dfbc25967 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 20
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.143449Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 5a4738f2-5490-45c4-b32c-bc5794d94813 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 21
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.131716Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 0500dd63-86b2-4848-806c-99cbf83e785f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 22
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.118581Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 2effd5cd-7991-4c57-948b-fa13bd4b5457 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 23
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.106314Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation cd555d16-7c0f-4d78-9409-ea9015f4127f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 24
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.081288Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 99e9557b-402e-488c-954d-6fd51e9d2326 · outbound
This paper cites Deep Video Portraits.
Reference 25
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:07.791628Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5674fe6c-3cd3-4c1f-8435-83cfa3e19c72 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.069708Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation f728cdea-4fa0-440f-af0d-658d930b2a86 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.057607Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6f14aeee-4f22-443a-9433-53541ea449d1 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.045683Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ce98d907-228e-4a95-8562-0b4980636099 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 29
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.032832Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation fe4bac6e-2905-4fdd-9816-f37e0afc2515 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 30
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.018159Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 1da3eeb3-9bef-4bfd-8bdc-03709f949eac · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.004186Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 5a38cb66-e4d1-4b87-bd92-e2b352aae9e9 · outbound
This paper cites Subrahmanian, Amos Azaria, Skylar Durst, Vadim Kagan, Aram Galstyan, Kristina Lerman, Linhong Zhu, Emilio Ferrara, Alessandro Flammini, and Filippo Menczer.
The History of Digital Spam Subrahmanian, Amos Azaria, Skylar Durst, Vadim Kagan, Aram Galstyan, Kristina Lerman, Linhong Zhu, Emilio Ferrara, Alessandro Flammini, and Filippo Menczer
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:07.992136Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 123eb62e-cc54-4759-b70c-a7409a796cf7 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 33
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:07.979482Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 98d6b4d1-66e2-4e34-8bce-b71b8b9b1efe · outbound
This paper cites Thies, M.
The History of Digital Spam Thies, M
Reference 34
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:07.967628Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 7a730a23-6929-41b0-a291-8c0f646882bd · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 35
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:07.955391Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ed3d0bac-a4b8-4feb-afb1-44e8748e4788 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 36
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:07.833023Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 092af4cd-9107-455a-a344-1995ef7c7a32 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 37
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:07.934563Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 3a0b28c2-dd4b-43c2-bbd0-a693b4a125f7 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 38
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:07.921850Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 42d083d4-7145-4678-a299-c8f619c9ea26 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 39
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:07.908252Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation df094dd2-7af5-4814-9837-3d40745baab9 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 40
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:07.894350Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation b3bcd0d4-e735-48b4-8b8d-a30955258676 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 2007
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.094115Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ecbad1e8-77ab-4fac-bd55-c8864b1ccb7b · outbound
This paper cites In Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement.
The History of Digital Spam In Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Reference 2010
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.180958Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ad33cdb2-ff7b-4aaa-b4ec-c74fdb8166ac · outbound
This paper cites In Proceedings of the 21st international conference on World Wide Web.
The History of Digital Spam In Proceedings of the 21st international conference on World Wide Web
Reference 2012
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.156049Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation f2a0eafe-d4e3-454f-9f1f-321529702112 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The History of Digital Spam Unresolved cited work
Reference 2014
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:32:08.272529Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.