Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.323343Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks
As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 45 of 45 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.08866.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
45 of 45 outbound references displayed
- verified exact1
- verified fuzzy43
- unresolved1
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation ddff1241-233d-48b9-8ca9-fae30c51883d · outbound
This paper cites Forecast and Trends, 2017-2022,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Forecast and Trends, 2017-2022,
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.758665Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 48d4dff2-7a96-4454-980f-89f3cc01ac94 · outbound
This paper cites Fifth report on international broadband data report,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Fifth report on international broadband data report,
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.749562Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e30ee9c4-bd53-4793-b39f-a957a5283bf4 · outbound
This paper cites New physical layer features of 3GPP LTE Release-13 [Industry Perspectives],.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks New physical layer features of 3GPP LTE Release-13 [Industry Perspectives],
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.740054Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation a19c4435-1c3a-4cd6-a957-61f62bd55f82 · outbound
This paper cites Multicast scheduling and resource allocation algorithms for OFDMA-based systems: A survey,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Multicast scheduling and resource allocation algorithms for OFDMA-based systems: A survey,
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.730124Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation f04db170-d118-4ae8-8c28-01154b92c357 · outbound
This paper cites Analyzing assisted offloading of cellular user sessions onto D2D links in unlicensed bands,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Analyzing assisted offloading of cellular user sessions onto D2D links in unlicensed bands,
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.721995Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 53df5b53-4e4d-408c-ad96-64135c5df318 · outbound
This paper cites D2D task offloading: A dataset-based Q&A,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks D2D task offloading: A dataset-based Q&A,
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.714392Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6c90c092-3d4f-4207-9034-52f7660a04c3 · outbound
This paper cites Device-to-Device Communications over 5G Systems: Standardization, Challenges and Open Issues,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Device-to-Device Communications over 5G Systems: Standardization, Challenges and Open Issues,
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.707203Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation abe7e85a-f0fb-454e-b4ce-15e5c1f15f21 · outbound
This paper cites A survey on predicting the popularity of web content,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks A survey on predicting the popularity of web content,
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.699165Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 33cabd55-96d8-4a42-b14e-b867dcfc270d · outbound
This paper cites Modeling, analysis, and optimization of multicast device-to-device transmissions,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Modeling, analysis, and optimization of multicast device-to-device transmissions,
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.689143Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation bc8b14c9-9acd-4b88-a099-fe249c713e51 · outbound
This paper cites A resource allocation scheme for D2D multicast with QoS protection in OFDMA-based systems,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks A resource allocation scheme for D2D multicast with QoS protection in OFDMA-based systems,
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.679255Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 2019c5d0-03d2-4b1f-a2f7-d1ed2101bf90 · outbound
This paper cites Device-to-device communication in LTE-Advanced networks: A survey,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Device-to-device communication in LTE-Advanced networks: A survey,
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.668493Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation f44618fe-9aee-43a1-bac1-d79f495467d0 · outbound
This paper cites In-band device-to-device communication in OFDMA cellular networks: A survey and challenges,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks In-band device-to-device communication in OFDMA cellular networks: A survey and challenges,
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.659063Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation aadd0010-40c1-47b6-9ca7-dd066387f87b · outbound
This paper cites Resource allocation for device-to-device Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks: An alternating optimization method,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Resource allocation for device-to-device Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks: An alternating optimization method,
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.649633Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation d9903348-208f-4bb4-8dab-4c433747e1dc · outbound
This paper cites Game-theoretic resource allocation methods for device-to-device communication,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Game-theoretic resource allocation methods for device-to-device communication,
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.640061Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 4402166b-09fa-417e-a5f6-4ab2aa66401c · outbound
This paper cites Performance analysis and resource allocation for cooperative D2D communication in cellular networks with multiple D2D pairs,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Performance analysis and resource allocation for cooperative D2D communication in cellular networks with multiple D2D pairs,
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.631285Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 39d37af5-0379-44bb-83f1-209ef4aa8503 · outbound
This paper cites Resource allocation for 5G D2D multicast content sharing in social-aware cellular networks,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Resource allocation for 5G D2D multicast content sharing in social-aware cellular networks,
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.622713Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ee7e9f60-a2b4-4586-8402-57a164ef49d6 · outbound
This paper cites Interference mitigation for multicast D2D communications underlay cellular networks,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Interference mitigation for multicast D2D communications underlay cellular networks,
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.613541Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 7f036e00-df50-4c0f-8301-4c0a5c5e4801 · outbound
This paper cites Downlink resource sharing in multichannel device-to-device communication,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Downlink resource sharing in multichannel device-to-device communication,
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.604502Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation f6f355a3-d9c4-4f5d-ac97-b9267d806b58 · outbound
This paper cites CDMA2000 R© High rate broadcast packet data air interface design,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks CDMA2000 R© High rate broadcast packet data air interface design,
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.596503Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 88be1a6d-ce48-491b-a172-27bb17040b68 · outbound
This paper cites Efficient resource allocation for OFDMA multicast systems with fairness consideration,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Efficient resource allocation for OFDMA multicast systems with fairness consideration,
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.588664Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 1993d1ba-7f4a-4a0c-b722-3e69932aa03e · outbound
This paper cites Multicast scheduling in cellular data networks,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Multicast scheduling in cellular data networks,
Reference 21
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.580502Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 236b631e-b475-4983-9211-699297f9aa84 · outbound
This paper cites Layered multicast with inter-layer network coding for multimedia streaming,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Layered multicast with inter-layer network coding for multimedia streaming,
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.571389Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation f5c24ef8-3e48-42ff-89d8-d81f6e44cb44 · outbound
This paper cites Two-stage cooperative multicast transmission with optimized power consumption and guaranteed coverage,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Two-stage cooperative multicast transmission with optimized power consumption and guaranteed coverage,
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.562623Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 7048e664-c153-46d2-99ae-76bb706fb571 · outbound
This paper cites Multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS); Architecture and functional description,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS); Architecture and functional description,
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.553501Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 73f2f06e-f547-42b4-b400-dc40467e29e6 · outbound
This paper cites Evolved multimedia broadcast/multicast service (eMBMS) in LTE-Advanced: overview and Rel-11 enhancements,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Evolved multimedia broadcast/multicast service (eMBMS) in LTE-Advanced: overview and Rel-11 enhancements,
Reference 25
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.544461Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 4b15ff19-b8b4-47eb-b45c-f2fdb04eff23 · outbound
This paper cites Efficient incremental raptor decoding over BEC for 3GPP MBMS and DVB IP-Datacast Services,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Efficient incremental raptor decoding over BEC for 3GPP MBMS and DVB IP-Datacast Services,
Reference 26
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.535084Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 689dd5f4-4c5e-421c-b64c-39ac31893ff9 · outbound
This paper cites Joint delivery of unicast and E-MBMS services in LTE networks,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Joint delivery of unicast and E-MBMS services in LTE networks,
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.525829Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation debadc80-11d3-46d1-bbe8-191ce30fc886 · outbound
This paper cites Particle swarm optimization based power allocation schemes of device-to-device multicast communication,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Particle swarm optimization based power allocation schemes of device-to-device multicast communication,
Reference 28
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.516613Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 3ee1179a-d119-4824-ab1a-d2b32a4c2592 · outbound
This paper cites Optimal resource allocation in multicast device-to-device communications underlaying LTE networks,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Optimal resource allocation in multicast device-to-device communications underlaying LTE networks,
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.507315Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 9ea14860-7aec-4545-9575-1315a1abf34c · outbound
This paper cites Network controlled D2D communications: Licensed or unlicensed spectrum?.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Network controlled D2D communications: Licensed or unlicensed spectrum?
Reference 30
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.497607Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 2861d401-4a44-4b24-9902-452cf2e34556 · outbound
This paper cites Full-duplex device-to-device cellular networks: Power control and performance analysis,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Full-duplex device-to-device cellular networks: Power control and performance analysis,
Reference 31
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.488116Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 02bbd025-be23-4cac-8a49-3ebeacd0a431 · outbound
This paper cites D2D Multicast in Underlay Cellular Networks with Exclusion Zones.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks D2D Multicast in Underlay Cellular Networks with Exclusion Zones
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.356302Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 321fd2d0-798b-47dd-9bc2-78567ac8e497 · outbound
This paper cites Efficiency resource allocation for device-to-device underlay communication systems: A reverse iterative combinatorial auction based approach,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Efficiency resource allocation for device-to-device underlay communication systems: A reverse iterative combinatorial auction based approach,
Reference 33
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.479289Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 33c7a6e6-a4c5-4d2d-b70a-8ea2a32253fa · outbound
This paper cites Energy-aware resource allocation for device-to-device underlay communication,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Energy-aware resource allocation for device-to-device underlay communication,
Reference 34
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.470740Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 9feadceb-e8d2-4947-9c15-02ae6424a96e · outbound
This paper cites Single frequency-based device-to-device-enhanced video delivery for evolved multimedia broadcast and multicast services,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Single frequency-based device-to-device-enhanced video delivery for evolved multimedia broadcast and multicast services,
Reference 35
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.462578Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 46ac402c-54da-47b6-866f-c71bfbc21382 · outbound
This paper cites Resource allocation for multicell device-to-device communications in cellular network: a game theoretic approach,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Resource allocation for multicell device-to-device communications in cellular network: a game theoretic approach,
Reference 36
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.452819Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 40fb2ec8-1259-4ccb-aaf3-739bb77f819a · outbound
This paper cites Optimized smart grid energy procurement for LTE networks using evolutionary algorithms,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Optimized smart grid energy procurement for LTE networks using evolutionary algorithms,
Reference 37
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.443814Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 9ff2087d-9632-43c9-a12d-a888aabc6956 · outbound
This paper cites Resource allocation under channel uncertainties for relay-aided device-to-device communication underlaying LTE-A cellular networks,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Resource allocation under channel uncertainties for relay-aided device-to-device communication underlaying LTE-A cellular networks,
Reference 38
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.433981Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation cd73baf5-bd5c-4656-9a9c-dd4995321657 · outbound
This paper cites On the computational complexity of integer programming problems,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks On the computational complexity of integer programming problems,
Reference 39
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.423497Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 115a578d-55c5-432f-9249-137a55ffd48b · outbound
This paper cites An nˆ5/2 algorithm for maximum matchings in bipartite graphs,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks An nˆ5/2 algorithm for maximum matchings in bipartite graphs,
Reference 40
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.412803Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 1acf4870-35ea-4802-9a5a-5f4b84cecc37 · outbound
This paper cites The Hungarian method for the assignment problem,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks The Hungarian method for the assignment problem,
Reference 41
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.402991Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 63b1ee03-9c75-4d83-8b7f-47a2d943827d · outbound
This paper cites Autonomous distributed power control for cognitive radio networks,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Autonomous distributed power control for cognitive radio networks,
Reference 42
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.393247Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6c0edb45-e9c3-4f14-a56d-91865427520a · outbound
This paper cites Device-to-device communications underlaying cellular networks,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Device-to-device communications underlaying cellular networks,
Reference 43
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.382962Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 8002fcc7-3f0f-4b3d-b901-4ce9ca684c4b · outbound
This paper cites Efficient resource allocation for device-to-device communication underlaying LTE network,.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Efficient resource allocation for device-to-device communication underlaying LTE network,
Reference 44
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.372593Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation bbc332a6-8041-474e-a6cb-bc15c7549a53 · outbound
This paper cites Haenggi, Stochastic geometry for wireless networks.
Multiple D2D Multicasts in Underlay Cellular Networks Haenggi, Stochastic geometry for wireless networks
Reference 45
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:34:54.323343Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.