Pith. sign in

REVIEW 2 major objections 5 minor 158 references

CubeSat Communications: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

T0 review · 2 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-08-14 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read This paper claims to be the first consolidated survey of CubeSat communications, covering constellation design, channel modeling, modulation and coding, and networking in one place.

desk verdict A useful entry-point survey of CubeSat communications, but its 'first consolidated survey' claim collapses against its own Table II, and a few factual slips need fixing. read the letter →

arxiv 1908.09501 v2 pith:NGWX7ORA submitted 2019-08-26 eess.SP cs.NI

Nasir Saeed , Ahmed Elzanaty , Heba Almorad , Hayssam Dahrouj , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Mohamed-Slim Alouini This is my paper · ORCID
classification eess.SPcs.NI
keywords CubeSatLEOconstellationsatellitechannelmodelinglinkbudgetmodulationandcodingnetworkingInternetofspacethings
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper claims to be the first consolidated survey of CubeSat communications, bringing constellation design, channel modeling, modulation and coding, and networking into a single document. If that claim is right, it gives mission designers a single entry point where choices such as orbital altitude, elevation angle, frequency band, and data rate are shown to interact. The survey's throughline is that CubeSat link performance is shaped by severe power limits, roughly one watt on the downlink, and small antenna gains, so every layer from orbit to protocol must be chosen with those limits in mind. It also maps future directions such as the Internet of space things, low-power long-range links, and machine-learning-based resource allocation.

What carries the argument

The working machinery is the division of CubeSat links into CubeSat-to-ground and CubeSat-to-CubeSat links, carried through the paper by the link-budget expression $E_b/N_0 = P_t G_t G_r/(L k T R_b)$ and by a set of statistical channel models whose parameters include elevation angle, shadowing, multipath, and Doppler. These pieces do the work of connecting orbital geometry to signal reliability: the coverage formulas convert altitude and elevation angle into the required number of satellites and orbital planes, the link budget converts geometry into energy per bit, and the recommended modulation tables from the space-data-systems standards body convert the result into concrete waveform choices.

What would settle it

Take received-power time series from a CubeSat downlink over elevation angles from about 5 to 30 degrees in a rural area and compare the empirical envelope distribution to the log-normal line-of-sight/Rayleigh multipath model and the Rician/log-normal model; if the fits degrade badly at low elevations or deviate systematically from CubeSat-specific parameters, the paper's adoption of land-mobile-satellite models for CubeSats is not supported.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

On its own terms, the paper's central claim is that no existing review covers the CubeSat communication system as a whole, and that the missing piece is an account of how technical choices interact. It argues that the number of satellites and orbital planes needed for coverage follows from altitude and elevation angle; that channel models for CubeSat-to-ground links can be drawn from land-mobile-satellite statistics, with dynamic Markov-chain models best suited to the satellite's motion; that the link budget equation $E_b/N_0 = P_t G_t G_r/(L k T R_b)$ ties orbit geometry to achievable data rates; and that modulation, coding, medium access, and routing must be selected jointly with these constraints. The survey closes by identifying open problems in integration with next-generation wireless systems, scheduling, software-defined networking, and the Internet of space things.

Load-bearing premise

The survey's channel-model guidance assumes that statistical land-mobile-satellite channel models, built for full-size satellites, still describe CubeSat-to-ground links even though CubeSats transmit at about one watt and have small antennas and different link geometry.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • A CubeSat mission can be planned end-to-end from altitude and elevation angle to modulation and coding using the survey's linked formulas and tables.
  • Dynamic multi-state Markov channel models are more appropriate than static single-state models for CubeSat-to-ground links because the satellite's motion exposes the link to changing shadowing and multipath conditions.
  • Higher frequency bands such as X-band and Ka-band enable higher data rates but demand more accurate pointing and incur greater atmospheric losses, so the choice of band must be balanced against the mission's power and pass duration.
  • CubeSat-to-CubeSat optical links can provide very high data rates with low bit error rates but require precise tracking and acquisition, making radio-frequency links the practical default for many near-term missions.
  • Future CubeSat networks will likely integrate with terrestrial IoT-style systems and software-defined networking, with machine learning used to allocate power and spectrum across multiple bands.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Editorial inference: the land-mobile-satellite-to-CubeSat transfer is testable with public telemetry; if empirical envelope fits at elevations below about 10 degrees are poor, the survey's channel-modeling recommendations would need a CubeSat-specific replacement.
  • Editorial inference: the coverage formulas could be packaged into a quick constellation-sizing rule, but the paper itself stops at presenting the equations rather than a closed-form optimization.
  • Editorial inference: the survey's emphasis on dynamic Markov models implies that a standardized CubeSat channel-model benchmark could emerge, though the paper does not specify the parameters such a benchmark would need.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

2 major / 5 minor

Summary. This paper is a survey of CubeSat communications, covering constellation design and coverage, communication links and channel modeling, link budget analysis, modulation and coding, MAC protocols, networking, application-layer protocols, and future research directions such as IoST, LoRa, and machine learning. The authors claim that it is the first consolidated survey of CubeSat communication systems, connecting technical choices (e.g., altitude, modulation, MAC) to mission goals, and they support this with a broad review of academic and industrial works, tables of missions and protocols, and illustrative evaluations of standard link-budget and constellation formulas.

Significance. If the novelty claim were fully supported, this survey would be a valuable entry point for researchers and practitioners, since it spans the full communication stack and includes tables that organize mission and protocol data. The paper assembles a representative set of citations and standard formulas, and its discussion of future directions (e.g., LoRa, SDN, machine learning) is timely. The strengths are the breadth of coverage and the explicit connection between satellite altitude/elevation and link metrics. However, the central novelty claim is overstated relative to the paper's own Table II, and the channel-modeling section adopts LMS models for CubeSats without adequate validation; these issues need to be addressed before the survey can be considered a definitive reference.

major comments (2)
  1. [Section I-B and Table II] The claim that 'there is no consolidated article that provides a comprehensive survey of CubeSat communication system' is not supported by the paper's own comparison in Table II. The table lists [4] (Davoli et al., 2018) as covering small satellite missions, antennas design, and networking, and [30] (Radhakrishnan et al., 2016) as a survey of inter-satellite communication from the physical layer to the network layer. Both are consolidated communication-focused surveys that overlap with the present paper's Sections III-VII. The authors should either provide a topic-by-topic gap analysis showing which of their sections are absent from [4] and [30], or qualify the claim (e.g., 'first survey to also cover channel modeling and future research directions'). As written, the uniqueness claim is the manuscript's stated raison d'être, and this counter-evidence from its own table makes the claim load-bearing and currently unsupported.
  2. [Section III] The channel-modeling section presents Loo's model, Corazza-Vatalaro's model, Patzold's model, and other land-mobile-satellite (LMS) models as applicable to CubeSat communications, despite the paper's own acknowledgment that CubeSats have limited transmit power (1 W), lower antenna gains, and a different link geometry. No measurements or simulation results are provided to show that these LMS models, developed for full-size LEO satellites, remain valid for CubeSat links at low elevation angles. Since channel modeling is one of the paper's four stated technical contributions (as listed in Section I-B), the authors should either present CubeSat-specific validation data or explicitly state that the transferability of LMS models to CubeSat links is an open research question. Without such a caveat or evidence, the survey's recommendations on channel models could mislead readers.
minor comments (5)
  1. [Section I, paragraph 2] The classification of CubeSats as 'pico-satellites' contradicts the paper's own weight scheme, which defines pico-satellites as 0.1-1 kg; a 1U CubeSat has a mass of 1.33 kg and therefore falls in the nano-satellite category (1-10 kg). Please correct this internal inconsistency.
  2. [Section IX-D] The statement that 'NASA aims to establish a human colony on Mars by 2025' is factually incorrect; NASA's publicly stated plans target the 2030s and do not use the term 'colony.' The cited source [149] is a marketing blog and not an authoritative reference. Please replace this with a correct and properly sourced statement.
  3. [Throughout] The manuscript contains numerous typos and grammatical errors, including 'develoment' (Section I), 'propsoed' (Section VII), 'becasue' (Section III-B), 'donwlink' (reference [102] title), and 'to the best of ours knowledge' (Section I-B). The paper would benefit from a careful proofreading pass.
  4. [Section IV, Fig. 12] The caption of Fig. 12 states that the energy-per-bit to noise spectral density is shown 'for various frequency bands and elevation angles,' but the legend appears to include only two frequency bands (L-band and VHF-band) and no explicit elevation-angle variations. Please clarify the curves or update the caption.
  5. [Section III-B] The sentence about LED-based VLC links states that a 4 W transmit power achieves 2 Mbps at 500 meters, but earlier the paper notes CubeSats are limited to 1 W (30 dBm) for downlink; please clarify whether the 4 W transmitter would be aboard the CubeSat or at the ground station, and if aboard, how this complies with the stated power constraint.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 2.0 of 10

No circularity: a self-contained survey whose illustrative plots evaluate standard formulas with stated parameters.

full rationale

No circular step is present. The paper is a survey; its load-bearing quantitative content consists of evaluations of standard closed-form expressions, not fitted predictions. Equations (1)-(4) are classical coverage geometry, and Eqs. (21)-(25) are the textbook link-budget equations; the plots in Figs. 4, 5, 10-12 evaluate those formulas at parameter values listed in Table IV and the text, with no fitted coefficient and no output that is also an input. The channel-model section (Section III) catalogs independently published LMS models (Loo, Corazza-Vatalaro, Hwang, Patzold, etc.); the claim that these models are usable for CubeSats is a stated assumption, explicitly qualified by the 'limited power' and 'differing geometry' caveats, and is not manufactured by this paper's own equations. The only self-citations ([53], [141], [153]) support a generic architecture figure and future-direction remarks; none is used as the basis of a claimed result. The 'first consolidated survey' statement in Section I-B is an assertion of novelty that is debatable (Table II lists prior communication-focused surveys), but a novelty claim is not a derivation and nothing in the paper is forced by it. Hence the appropriate finding is no significant circularity, with a score reflecting only the presence of minor, non-load-bearing self-citations.

Assumptions & free parameters 3 free parameters · 3 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The survey introduces no new physical or algorithmic entities. Its original contribution is organizational, and its illustrative plots depend on hand-chosen parameters rather than fitted data. The key domain assumption is transferability of LMS channel models to CubeSats.

free parameters (3)
  • Orbital altitude and elevation angle ranges for constellation coverage plots = h: 500-900 km; elevation: 5-25 degrees
    Hand-chosen sweeping ranges used to generate Figs. 4 and 5; not fitted to any mission or dataset.
  • Link budget parameter set for Eb/N0 curves = Pt=15 dBm, Gt=0 dBi, Gr=12 dBi, T=1160 K, Rb=2.4 kbps, losses as listed
    Illustrative values selected by the authors to plot Eqs. (21)-(25) in Fig. 12; no specific CubeSat mission is modeled.
  • Frequency bands for path loss and Eb/N0 plots = L-band 1.2 GHz; VHF 144 MHz
    Two representative bands chosen to show frequency dependence in Figs. 11-12.
assumptions (3)
  • domain assumption LMS channel models developed for full-size LEO satellites are applicable to CubeSat-to-ground links.
    Section III reviews Loo, Corazza-Vatalaro, Patzold, and other LMS models as the relevant CubeSat channel models, while acknowledging CubeSat power and geometry differences; if this transfer is invalid, the channel modeling survey loses its basis.
  • domain assumption Conventional constellation design formulas (Walker, street-of-coverage, flower) apply to CubeSats without CubeSat-specific propulsion or pointing constraints.
    Section II applies standard LEO constellation equations (1)-(4) to CubeSat constellations and plots required satellite counts; CubeSat-specific constraints (no propulsion, limited station keeping) are not modeled.
  • standard math Link budget equations for satellite downlinks (Friis transmission equation and loss terms) hold for CubeSat links.
    Section IV uses Eq. (21)-(25); this is standard RF link budget analysis, not disputed.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of CubeSat Communications: Recent Advances and Future Challenges." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/NGWX7ORA

@misc{pith2026190809501,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: CubeSat Communications: Recent Advances and Future Challenges},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/NGWX7ORA}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:1908.09501}
}
read the original abstract

Given the increasing number of space-related applications, research in the emerging space industry is becoming more and more attractive. One compelling area of current space research is the design of miniaturized satellites, known as CubeSats, which are enticing because of their numerous applications and low design-and-deployment cost. The new paradigm of connected space through CubeSats makes possible a wide range of applications, such as Earth remote sensing, space exploration, and rural connectivity. CubeSats further provide a complementary connectivity solution to the pervasive Internet of Things (IoT) networks, leading to a globally connected cyber-physical system. This paper presents a holistic overview of various aspects of CubeSat missions and provides a thorough review of the topic from both academic and industrial perspectives. We further present recent advances in the area of CubeSat communications, with an emphasis on constellation-and-coverage issues, channel modeling, modulation and coding, and networking. Finally, we identify several future research directions for CubeSat communications, including Internet of space things, low-power long-range networks, and machine learning for CubeSat resource allocation.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 1908.09501 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Hybrid beam scheme for CubeSats in LEO. first we will discuss the beam coverage of CubeSats before moving into the different types of satellite constellations. A. Beam Coverage The beam coverage of an individual CubeSat depends mainly on the satellite’s orbital altitude and type of antenna used. CubeSat antennas must have low loss, spherical cov￾erage, high reliability, and a compact size. Full spherical coverage is… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Coverage geometry for CubeSats. where RE is the Earth’s radius, h is the orbital altitude of the CubeSat, φ is the elevation angle, and ρ is the slant range (see [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Illustration of Walker constellation for GALILEO. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_2.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (10 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Elevation angle versus number of orbital planes re [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Elevation angle versus number of CubeSats per plane. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_5.png]
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Illustration of a polar-inclined, street-of-coverage con [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_6.png]
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Illustration of a Flower constellation in three different orbital planes. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_7.png]
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Networking architecture for CubeSats [53]. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_8.png]
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Impact of the elevation angle on the distance between [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_10.png]
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Impact of the elevation angle on the path loss at [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_11.png]
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: The energy-per-bit to noise spectral density for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_12.png]
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: Heterogeneous space-information network. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_13.png]
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: SDN-enabled architecture for small satellites. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p017_14.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

158 extracted references · 78 canonical work pages

  1. [4]

    Small satellites and CubeSats: Survey of structures, ar- chitectures, and protocols,

    F. Davoli, C. Kourogiorgas, M. Marchese, A. Panagopoulos, and F. Patrone, “Small satellites and CubeSats: Survey of structures, ar- chitectures, and protocols,” Int. J. of Satellite Commun. and Network. , vol. 1, no. 17, pp. 1–17, 2018

    2018

  2. [30]

    Survey of inter-satellite com- munication for small satellite systems: Physical layer to network layer view,

    R. Radhakrishnan, W. W. Edmonson, F. Afghah, R. M. Rodriguez- Osorio, F. Pinto, and S. C. Burleigh, “Survey of inter-satellite com- munication for small satellite systems: Physical layer to network layer view,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts. , vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 2442–2473, Oct. 2016

    2016

  3. [1]

    Why Facebook, SpaceX and dozens of others are battling over Internet access from space,

    “Why Facebook, SpaceX and dozens of others are battling over Internet access from space,” http://fortune.com/2019/01/25/ facebook-spacex-internet-access-space, accessed: 2019-06-20

    2019

  4. [2]

    Cubesats: Cost-effective science and technology platforms for emerging and developing nations,

    K. Woellert, P. Ehrenfreund, A. J. Ricco, and H. Hertzfeld, “Cubesats: Cost-effective science and technology platforms for emerging and developing nations,” Adv. in Space Research, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 663 – 684, 2011

    2011

  5. [3]

    CubeSats in brief,

    “CubeSats in brief,” https://www.isispace.nl/cubesats/, accessed: 2019- 11-21

    2019

  6. [5]

    Link budget analysis for a proposed Cubesat earth observation mission,

    D. Barbaric, J. Vukovic, and D. Babic, “Link budget analysis for a proposed Cubesat earth observation mission,” in Int. Convention on Info. and Commun. Techno., Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), May 2018, pp. 133–138

    2018

  7. [6]

    World’s only connectivity solution designed for the poles,

    “World’s only connectivity solution designed for the poles,” https:// www.keplercommunications.com/, accessed: 2019-06-20

    2019

  8. [7]

    “Radix,” https://space.skyrocket.de/doc sdat/radix.htm, accessed: 2019-06-20

    2019

Show all 158 references
  1. [8]

    “Gomx-3,” https://gomspace.com/gomx-3.aspx, accessed: 2019-06-25

    2019

  2. [9]

    Lemur-2,

    “Lemur-2,” https://space.skyrocket.de/doc sdat/lemur-2.htm, note = Accessed: 2019-06-25

    2019

  3. [10]

    “Dice,” https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/content/ article/dice, accessed: 2019-06-25

    2019

  4. [11]

    Quakesat,

    “Quakesat,” https://space.skyrocket.de/doc sdat/quakesat-1.htm, ac- cessed: 2019-06-25

    2019

  5. [12]

    Swarm-to-earth commu- nication in OLFAR,

    A. Budianu, A. Meijerink, and M. Bentum, “Swarm-to-earth commu- nication in OLFAR,” Acta Astronautica, vol. 107, pp. 14 – 19, 2015

    2015

  6. [13]

    Cubesat evolution: Analyzing cubesat capabilities for conducting science missions,

    A. Poghosyan and A. Golkar, “Cubesat evolution: Analyzing cubesat capabilities for conducting science missions,” Progress in Aerospace Sciences, vol. 88, pp. 59 – 83, 2017

    2017

  7. [14]

    Mars Cube One (MarCO),

    “Mars Cube One (MarCO),” https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/cubesat/ missions/marco.php, accessed: 2019-06-25

    2019

  8. [15]

    Integrated solar array & reflectarray antenna (ISARA),

    “Integrated solar array & reflectarray antenna (ISARA),” https://www. jpl.nasa.gov/cubesat/missions/isara.php, accessed: 2019-06-25

    2019

  9. [16]

    AeroCube-OCSD,

    “AeroCube-OCSD,” https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/ satellite-missions/a/aerocube-ocsd, accessed: 2019-06-25

    2019

  10. [17]

    Arcsecond space telescope enabling research in astrophysics (AS- TERIA),

    “Arcsecond space telescope enabling research in astrophysics (AS- TERIA),” https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/cubesat/missions/asteria.php, ac- cessed: 2019-06-25

    2019

  11. [18]

    SpaceX submits paperwork for 30,000 more starlink satellites,

    “SpaceX submits paperwork for 30,000 more starlink satellites,” https://spacenews.com/ spacex-submits-paperwork-for-30000-more-starlink-satellites/, accessed: 2019-10-11

    2019

  12. [19]

    Whereever you are, we will cover you,

    “Whereever you are, we will cover you,” https://oneweb.world, ac- cessed: 2019-10-11

    2019

  13. [20]

    Telesat LEO: Why LEO?

    “Telesat LEO: Why LEO?” https://www.telesat.com/services/leo/ why-leo, accessed: 2019-12-02

    2019

  14. [21]

    Amazon’s Kuiper Systems Joins SIA

    “Amazon’s Kuiper Systems Joins SIA.”

  15. [22]

    Applications of nano-satellites and cube-satellites in microwave and RF domain,

    R. N. Simons and K. Goverdhanam, “Applications of nano-satellites and cube-satellites in microwave and RF domain,” in 2015 IEEE MTT- S International Microwave Symposium , May 2015, pp. 1–4

    2015

  16. [23]

    Nanosatellite and cubesat database,

    E. Kulu, “Nanosatellite and cubesat database,” 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.nanosats.eu/

    2019

  17. [24]

    A review of impending small satellite formation flying missions,

    S. Bandyopadhyay, G. P. Subramanian, R. Foust, D. Morgan, S.- J. Chung, and F. Hadaegh, “A review of impending small satellite formation flying missions,” in 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 2015, pp. 1–17

    2015

  18. [25]

    Survey, statistical analysis and classification of launched cubesat missions with emphasis on the attitude control method,

    H. Polat, J. Virgili-Llop, and M. Romano, “Survey, statistical analysis and classification of launched cubesat missions with emphasis on the attitude control method,” J. of Small Satellites , vol. 5, pp. 513–530, Jan. 2016

    2016

  19. [26]

    Survey of worldwide pico- and nanosatel- lite missions, distributions and subsystem technology,

    J. Bouwmeester and J. Guo, “Survey of worldwide pico- and nanosatel- lite missions, distributions and subsystem technology,” Acta Astronau- tica, vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 854 – 862, 2010

    2010

  20. [27]

    The first one hundred CubeSats: A statistical look,

    M. Swartwout, “The first one hundred CubeSats: A statistical look,” J. of Small Satellites , vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 213–233, Mar. 2013

    2013

  21. [28]

    Communication technologies and architectures for space network and interplanetary Internet,

    J. Mukherjee and B. Ramamurthy, “Communication technologies and architectures for space network and interplanetary Internet,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 881–897, Jul. 2013

    2013

  22. [29]

    Towards the thousandth CubeSat: A statistical overview,

    T. Villela, C. A. Costa, A. M. Brando, F. T. Bueno, and R. Leonardi, “Towards the thousandth CubeSat: A statistical overview,” Int. J. of Aerospace Engineering, vol. 5063145, no. 1, pp. 1–13, Jan. 2017

    2017

  23. [31]

    NASA near earth network (NEN) and 21 space network (SN) CubeSat communications,

    S. Schaire, B. Horne, J. Schier, H. Shaw, G. Bussey, P. Celeste, Y . F. Wong, O. Kegege, Y . Zhang, C. Patel, D. Pierce, S. Altunc, D. Raphael, J. Burke, and L. V . Cooper, “NASA near earth network (NEN) and 21 space network (SN) CubeSat communications,” in SpaceOps Conf. , 20...

    2016

  24. [32]

    For satellites, think small, dream big: A review of recent antenna developments for CubeSats

    Y . Rahmat-Samii, V . Manohar, and J. M. Kovitz, “For satellites, think small, dream big: A review of recent antenna developments for CubeSats.”IEEE Antennas and Propag. Mag., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 22–30, Apr. 2017

    2017

  25. [33]

    Modern small satellites-changing the economics of space,

    M. N. Sweeting, “Modern small satellites-changing the economics of space,” Proc. of the IEEE , vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 343–361, Mar. 2018

    2018

  26. [34]

    Cubesats for future science and Internet of space: Challenges and opportunities,

    A. Gregorio and F. Alimenti, “Cubesats for future science and Internet of space: Challenges and opportunities,” in IEEE Int. Conf. on Elec- tronics, Circuits and Sys., (ICECS) , Dec. 2018, pp. 169–172

    2018

  27. [35]

    Design and architecture of pico-satellites network for earth coverage,

    N. Lazreg and K. Besbes, “Design and architecture of pico-satellites network for earth coverage,” in Int. Conf. on Adv. Techno. for Signal and Image Process., (ATSIP) , Mar. 2016, pp. 601–605

    2016

  28. [36]

    “Sstl,” https://www.sstl.co.uk, accessed: 2019-10-11

    2019

  29. [37]

    Wideband circularly polarized fabry-perot antenna,

    F. Qin, S. Gao, G. Wei, Q. Luo, C. Mao, C. Gu, J. Xu, and J. Li, “Wideband circularly polarized fabry-perot antenna,” IEEE Antennas and Propag. Mag., vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 127–135, Oct. 2015

    2015

  30. [38]

    Advanced antennas for small satellites,

    S. Gao, Y . Rahmat-Samii, R. E. Hodges, and X. Yang, “Advanced antennas for small satellites,” Proc. of the IEEE , vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 391–403, Mar. 2018

    2018

  31. [39]

    Broadband LEO satellite communications: Architectures and key technologies,

    Y . Su, Y . Liu, Y . Zhou, J. Yuan, H. Cao, and J. Shi, “Broadband LEO satellite communications: Architectures and key technologies,” IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 55–61, Apr. 2019

    2019

  32. [40]

    Ad hoc CubeSat constella- tions: Secondary launch coverage and distribution,

    A. Marinan, A. Nicholas, and K. Cahoy, “Ad hoc CubeSat constella- tions: Secondary launch coverage and distribution,” in IEEE Aerospace Conf., Mar. 2013, pp. 1–15

    2013

  33. [41]

    A new CubeSat design with reconfigurable multi-band radios for dynamic spectrum satellite communication networks,

    I. F. Akyildiz, J. M. Jornet, and S. Nie, “A new CubeSat design with reconfigurable multi-band radios for dynamic spectrum satellite communication networks,” Ad Hoc Networks , vol. 86, pp. 166 – 178, 2019

    2019

  34. [42]

    Global communication coverage using cubesats,

    Weilian Su, Jianwen Lin, and T. Ha, “Global communication coverage using cubesats,” in IEEE 7th Annual Computing and Commun. Works. and Conf., (CCWC) , Jan 2017, pp. 1–7

    2017

  35. [43]

    Establishing a formation of small satellites in a lunar flower constellation,

    L. McManus and H. Schaub, “Establishing a formation of small satellites in a lunar flower constellation,” The J. of the Astronautical Sci., vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 263–286, Dec 2016

    2016

  36. [44]

    New insights on flower constellations theory,

    M. E. Avendano and D. Mortari, “New insights on flower constellations theory,”IEEE Trans. Aerospace and Electronic Sys., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1018–1030, Apr. 2012

    2012

  37. [45]

    CubeSat constellation design for air traffic monitoring,

    S. Nag, J. L. Rios, D. Gerhardt, and C. Pham, “CubeSat constellation design for air traffic monitoring,” Acta Astronautica, vol. 128, pp. 180– 193, 2016

    2016

  38. [46]

    DARPA moves ahead with fractionated-satellite system F6 program with solicitation for affordable satellite bus,

    “DARPA moves ahead with fractionated-satellite system F6 program with solicitation for affordable satellite bus,” https://www.militaryaerospace.com/communications/article/16720493, accessed: 2019-07-03

    2019

  39. [47]

    DARPA cancels formation-flying satellite demo,

    “DARPA cancels formation-flying satellite demo,” https://spacenews. com/35375darpa-cancels-formation-flying-satellite-demo/, accessed: 2019-07-03

    2019

  40. [48]

    Constellations, clusters, and communica- tion technology: Expanding small satellite access to space,

    J. Alvarez and B. Walls, “Constellations, clusters, and communica- tion technology: Expanding small satellite access to space,” in IEEE Aerospace Conf., Mar. 2016, pp. 1–11

    2016

  41. [49]

    Satellite-to-satellite coverage optimization approach for opportunistic inter-satellite links,

    I. Lluch and A. Golkar, “Satellite-to-satellite coverage optimization approach for opportunistic inter-satellite links,” in IEEE Aerospace Conf., 2014, pp. 1–13

    2014

  42. [50]

    Nanosatellites swarm deployment using decentralized differential drag-based control with communicational constraints,

    D. Ivanov, U. Monakhova, and M. Ovchinnikov, “Nanosatellites swarm deployment using decentralized differential drag-based control with communicational constraints,” Acta Astronautica, vol. 159, pp. 646 – 657, 2019

    2019

  43. [51]

    Swarm of 105 tiny sprite chipsats successfully deployed,

    “Swarm of 105 tiny sprite chipsats successfully deployed,” https: //newatlas.com/sprite-chipsat-swarm-deployed/59994/, accessed: 2019- 07-04

    2019

  44. [52]

    Enabling the Internet of arctic things with freely-drifting small-satellite swarms,

    D. Palma and R. Birkeland, “Enabling the Internet of arctic things with freely-drifting small-satellite swarms,” IEEE Access , vol. 6, pp. 71 435–71 443, Nov. 2018

    2018

  45. [53]

    To boldly go where no sensor has gone before: The movement to place IoT in radical new spaces,

    N. Saeed, M.-S. Alouini, and T. Y . Al-Naffouri, “To boldly go where no sensor has gone before: The movement to place IoT in radical new spaces,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.11996 , 2019

    1903 arXiv

  46. [54]

    ShindaiSat : A visible light communica- tion experimental micro-satellite,

    A. Nakajima, N. Sako, M. Kamemura, Y . Wakayama, A. Fukuzawa, H. Sugiyama, and N. Okada, “ShindaiSat : A visible light communica- tion experimental micro-satellite,” in Proc. Int. Conf. on Space Optical Sys. and App., (ICSOS) , Oct. 2012, pp. 1–5

    2012

  47. [55]

    Opti- cal communication on CubeSats enabling the next era in space science,

    A. Carrasco-Casado, A. Biswas, R. Fields, and B. Grefenstette, “Opti- cal communication on CubeSats enabling the next era in space science,” in IEEE Int. Conf. on Space Optical Sys. and Apps., (ICSOS) , Mar. 2017, pp. 1–7

    2017

  48. [56]

    CubeSat-scale high- speed laser downlinks,

    R. Welle, S. Janson, D. Rowen, and T. Rose, “CubeSat-scale high- speed laser downlinks,” in Proc. of the 13th Reinventing Space Conf. , S. Hatton, Ed., 2018, pp. 7–17

    2018

  49. [57]

    Optical communications downlink from a 1.5U Cubesat: OCSD program,

    T. S. Rose, D. W. Rowen, S. LaLumondiere, N. I. Werner, R. Linares, A. Faler, J. Wicker, C. M. Coffman, G. A. Maul, D. H. Chien, A. Utter, R. P. Welle, and S. W. Janson, “Optical communications downlink from a 1.5U Cubesat: OCSD program,” inInt. Conf. on Space Optics (ICSO), 2...

    2019

  50. [58]

    A CubeSat-based optical communication network for low earth orbit,

    R. Welle, A. Utter, T. Rose, J. Fuller, K. Gates, B. Oakes, and S. Janson, “A CubeSat-based optical communication network for low earth orbit,” in AIAA/USU Conf. on Small Satellite , Mar. 2017, pp. 1–9

    2017

  51. [59]

    Satellite laser communication activities in NICT,

    D. R. Kolev, A. Carrasco-Casado, H. Takenaka, Y . Munemasa, P. V . Trinh, Y . Saito, H. Kunimori, Y . Koyama, K. Suzuki, T. Kubooka, and M. Toyoshima, “Satellite laser communication activities in NICT,” in Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symp. (PIERS), Aug. 2018, pp. 1680–1685

    2018

  52. [60]

    The HITRAN database,

    L. S. Rothman, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, L. R. Brown et al., “The HITRAN database,” Applied optics , vol. 26, no. 19, pp. 4058–4097, 1987

    1987

  53. [61]

    Atmospheric transmittance/radiance: Computer code LOWTRAN 5,

    F. X. Kneizys, E. P. Shettle, W. Gallery, J. Chetwynd Jr, and L. Abreu, “Atmospheric transmittance/radiance: Computer code LOWTRAN 5,” Air force geophysics lab Hanscom AFB MA, Tech. Rep., 1980

    1980

  54. [62]

    The infrared & electro- optical systems handbook: Atmospheric propagation of radiation, vol- ume 2

    F. G. Smith, J. S. Accetta, and D. L. Shumaker, “The infrared & electro- optical systems handbook: Atmospheric propagation of radiation, vol- ume 2.” Infrared information and analysis center, Tech. Rep., 1993

    1993

  55. [63]

    Optical communication in space: Challenges and mitigation techniques,

    H. Kaushal and G. Kaddoum, “Optical communication in space: Challenges and mitigation techniques,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts. , vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 57–96, Aug. 2017

    2017

  56. [64]

    CubeSat networks: Balancing power with satellite-to-ground data throughput,

    S. Ennis and J. Dukes, “CubeSat networks: Balancing power with satellite-to-ground data throughput,” in IEEE Aerospace Conf. , Mar. 2018, pp. 1–18

    2018

  57. [65]

    The land mobile earth-space channel,

    P. Arapoglou, E. T. Michailidis, A. D. Panagopoulos, A. G. Kanatas, and R. Prieto-Cerdeira, “The land mobile earth-space channel,” IEEE Veh. Techno. Mag., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 44–53, Jun. 2011

    2011

  58. [66]

    A statistical model for a land mobile satellite link,

    Chun Loo, “A statistical model for a land mobile satellite link,” IEEE Trans. on Veh. Techno., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 122–127, Aug. 1985

    1985

  59. [67]

    A statistical model for land mobile satellite channels and its application to nongeostationary orbit systems,

    G. E. Corazza and F. Vatalaro, “A statistical model for land mobile satellite channels and its application to nongeostationary orbit systems,” IEEE Trans. on Veh. Techno., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 738–742, Aug 1994

    1994

  60. [68]

    Practical chan- nel simulation model for the non-GEO land mobile satellite (lms) communications,

    Sung-Chan Ko, Junghwan Kim, and Chen-Ying Yang, “Practical chan- nel simulation model for the non-GEO land mobile satellite (lms) communications,” in IEEE 47th Veh. Techno. Conf., vol. 1, May 1997, pp. 411–415 vol.1

    1997

  61. [69]

    A channel model for nongeostationary orbiting satellite system,

    S.-H. Hwang, K.-J. Kim, J.-Y . Ahn, and K.-C. Whang, “A channel model for nongeostationary orbiting satellite system,” in IEEE 47th Veh. Techno. Conf., vol. 1, May 1997, pp. 41–45 vol.1

    1997

  62. [70]

    Physical model of shadowing probability for land mobile satellite propagation,

    S. R. Saunders and B. G. Evans, “Physical model of shadowing probability for land mobile satellite propagation,” Electronics Lett. , vol. 32, no. 17, pp. 1548–1549, Aug. 1996

    1996

  63. [71]

    A study of a land mobile satellite channel model with asymmetrical doppler power spectrum and lognormally distributed line-of-sight component,

    M. Patzold, Yingchun Li, and F. Laue, “A study of a land mobile satellite channel model with asymmetrical doppler power spectrum and lognormally distributed line-of-sight component,”IEEE Trans. Veh. Techno., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 297–310, Feb. 1998

    1998

  64. [72]

    Statistical modeling of the LMS channel,

    F. P. Fontan, M. Vazquez-Castro, C. E. Cabado, J. P. Garcia, and E. Kubista, “Statistical modeling of the LMS channel,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Techno., vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 1549–1567, Nov. 2001

    2001

  65. [73]

    A new simple model for land mobile satellite channels: first- and second-order statistics,

    A. Abdi, W. C. Lau, M. . Alouini, and M. Kaveh, “A new simple model for land mobile satellite channels: first- and second-order statistics,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 519–528, May 2003

    2003

  66. [74]

    SAT04-2: Accurate and novel modeling of the land mobile satellite channel using reversible jump Markov chain monte carlo technique,

    S. Scalise, C. Alasseur, L. Husson, and H. Ernst, “SAT04-2: Accurate and novel modeling of the land mobile satellite channel using reversible jump Markov chain monte carlo technique,” in IEEE Globecom, Nov. 2006, pp. 1–6

    2006

  67. [75]

    Modeling of first-order statistics of the MIMO dual polarized channel at 2 GHz for land mobile satellite systems under tree shadowing,

    C. Kourogiorgas, M. Kvicera, D. Skraparlis, T. Korinek, V . K. Sakarel- los, A. D. Panagopoulos, and P. Pechac, “Modeling of first-order statistics of the MIMO dual polarized channel at 2 GHz for land mobile satellite systems under tree shadowing,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Prop...

    2014

  68. [76]

    Finite-state markov chains channel model for cubesats communication uplink,

    J. Lopez-Salamanca, L. O. Seman, M. D. Berejuck, and E. A. Bezerra, “Finite-state markov chains channel model for cubesats communication uplink,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. , pp. 1–13, May 2019

    2019

  69. [77]

    Designing the communi- cation sub-system for nanosatellite CubeSat missions: Operational and implementation perspectives,

    O. Popescu, J. S. Harris, and D. C. Popescu, “Designing the communi- cation sub-system for nanosatellite CubeSat missions: Operational and implementation perspectives,” in SoutheastCon, Mar. 2016, pp. 1–5

    2016

  70. [78]

    Doppler characterization for LEO satellites,

    I. Ali, N. Al-Dhahir, and J. E. Hershey, “Doppler characterization for LEO satellites,” IEEE Trans. on Comm. , vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 309–313, Mar. 1998. 22

    1998

  71. [79]

    Inverse Gaussian-based composite channel model and time series generator for land mobile satellite systems under tree shadowing,

    C. Kourogiorgas, M. Kvicera, A. D. Panagopoulos, and P. Pechac, “Inverse Gaussian-based composite channel model and time series generator for land mobile satellite systems under tree shadowing,” IET Microwaves, Antennas Propagation, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 612–616, Apr. 2016

    2016

  72. [80]

    Handbook of math- ematical functions with formulas, graphs, and mathematical tables,

    M. Abramowitz, I. A. Stegun, and R. H. Romer, “Handbook of math- ematical functions with formulas, graphs, and mathematical tables,” 1988

    1988

  73. [81]

    Dual-polarized nar- rowband MIMO LMS channel measurements in urban environments,

    V . Nikolaidis, N. Moraitis, and A. G. Kanatas, “Dual-polarized nar- rowband MIMO LMS channel measurements in urban environments,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propag. , vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 763–774, Feb. 2017

    2017

  74. [82]

    Preliminary internetworking simulation of the QB50 cubesat constel- lation,

    H. Bedon, C. Negron, J. Llantoy, C. Miguel Nieto, and C. O. Asma, “Preliminary internetworking simulation of the QB50 cubesat constel- lation,” in IEEE Latin-American Conf. on Commun. , Sep. 2010, pp. 1–6

    2010

  75. [83]

    Feasibility of intersatellite communication for CubeSats,

    D. Bulanova, Y . Wang, and Q. bin Chen, “Feasibility of intersatellite communication for CubeSats,” in Int. Conf. on Electronic and Info. Techno., (ICEIT), 2017, pp. 1–10

    2017

  76. [84]

    Inter- satellite links for cubesats,

    A. Budianu, T. J. W. Castro, A. Meijerink, and M. J. Bentum, “Inter- satellite links for cubesats,” in IEEE Aerospace Conf. , Mar. 2013, pp. 1–10

    2013

  77. [85]

    Inter-satellite communication for LEO CubeSat network: QoS parameters and fea- sibility of massive MIMO,

    D. Bulanov, K. Ocheretyanyy, Y . Wang, and Q.-B. Chen, “Inter-satellite communication for LEO CubeSat network: QoS parameters and fea- sibility of massive MIMO,” J. of Commun. Techno. and Electronics , vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 1174–1182, Oct 2018

    2018

  78. [86]

    System design of an s-band network of distributed nanosatellites,

    Z. Yoon, W. Frese, A. Bukmaier, and K. Bries, “System design of an s-band network of distributed nanosatellites,” CEAS Space J. , vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 61–71, Mar 2014

    2014

  79. [87]

    5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,

    B. Smutny, H. Kaempfner, G. Muehlnikel, U. Sterr, B. Wandernoth et al. , “5.6 Gbps optical intersatellite communication link,” in Free- Space Laser Commun. Techno. , 2009, pp. 38 – 45

    2009

  80. [88]

    Using light-emitting diodes for intersatellite links,

    L. Wood, W. Ivancic, and K. Dorpelkus, “Using light-emitting diodes for intersatellite links,” in IEEE Aerospace Conf., Mar. 2010, pp. 1–6

    2010

  81. [89]

    Intersatellite communication system based on visible light,

    D. N. Amanor, W. W. Edmonson, and F. Afghah, “Intersatellite communication system based on visible light,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2888–2899, Dec. 2018

    2018

  82. [90]

    Link performance improvement via design variables optimiza- tion in LED-based VLC system for inter-satellite communication,

    ——, “Link performance improvement via design variables optimiza- tion in LED-based VLC system for inter-satellite communication,” in IEEE Int. Conf. on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments (WiSEE), Oct. 2017, pp. 7–12

    2017

  83. [91]

    Design options for small satellite communications,

    C. Benson, “Design options for small satellite communications,” in IEEE Aerospace Conf. , Mar. 2017, pp. 1–7

    2017

  84. [92]

    Link budget analysis for a LEO cubesat communication subsystem,

    I. Latachi, M. Karim, A. Hanafi, T. Rachidi, A. Khalayoun, N. Assem, S. Dahbi, and S. Zouggar, “Link budget analysis for a LEO cubesat communication subsystem,” in Int. Conf. on Adv. Techno. for Signal and Image Process., (ATSIP) , May 2017, pp. 1–6

    2017

  85. [93]

    Extending the coverage of the internet of things with low-cost nanosatellite networks,

    V . Almonacid and L. Franck, “Extending the coverage of the internet of things with low-cost nanosatellite networks,” Acta Astronautica, vol. 138, pp. 95 – 101, 2017

    2017

  86. [94]

    A prediction model that combines rain attenuation and other propagation impairments along earth-satellite paths,

    A. Dissanayake, J. Allnutt, and F. Haidara, “A prediction model that combines rain attenuation and other propagation impairments along earth-satellite paths,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. , vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1546–1558, Oct. 1997

    1997

  87. [95]

    Attenuation by atmospheric gases,

    “Attenuation by atmospheric gases,” International Telecommunication Union- Radiocommunication sector (ITU-R), Tech. Rep., Fen. 2012

    2012

  88. [96]

    Polarization loss in a link budget when using measured circular-polarization gains of antennas,

    T. Milligan, “Polarization loss in a link budget when using measured circular-polarization gains of antennas,” IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 56–58, Feb. 1996

    1996

  89. [97]

    Circular polarization and polarization losses,

    R. Galuscak and P. Hazdra, “Circular polarization and polarization losses,” DuBuS, pp. 8–23, 2006

    2006

  90. [98]

    R. M. Gagliardi, Satellite communications . Springer Science & Business Media, 2012

    2012

  91. [99]

    Gimbal for steering propelled CubeSats (NP-2017-06- 2403-HQ),

    S. Nabors, “Gimbal for steering propelled CubeSats (NP-2017-06- 2403-HQ),” Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA, Huntsville, Tech. Rep., 2017

    2017

  92. [100]

    Signal quality evaluation for picosatellite communication systems,

    I. Vertat, M. Pokorny, R. Linhart, and T. Kavalir, “Signal quality evaluation for picosatellite communication systems,” in Int. Conf. on Applied Electronics, Sep. 2012, pp. 331–334

    2012

  93. [101]

    Kegege, Y

    O. Kegege, Y . F. Wong, and S. Altunc, Advances in Ka-Band Commu- nication System for CubeSats and SmallSats . NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt, MD United States, 2016

    2016

  94. [102]

    Peragin, F

    E. Peragin, F. Darnon, D. Belot, J.-P. Millerioux, J.-L. Issler, T. De- haene, Y . Richard, G. Guillois, F. Sepot, and D. Simon, X band donwlink for cubesat . Utah State University, 2012

    2012

  95. [103]

    High rate communications systems for CubeSats,

    S. E. Palo, “High rate communications systems for CubeSats,” in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. , May 2015, pp. 1–4

    2015

  96. [104]

    Low cost S band communication system design for nano satellites,

    O. Ceylan, Y . Kurt, F. A. Tunc, H. B. Yagci, and A. R. Aslan, “Low cost S band communication system design for nano satellites,” in Proc. of 5th Int. Conf. on Recent Adv. in Space Techno., (RAST) , Jun. 2011, pp. 767–770

    2011

  97. [105]

    An optimum space-to-ground communication concept for CubeSat platform utilizing NASA space network and near earth network,

    Y . F. Wong, O. Kegege, S. H. Schaire, G. Bussey, S. Altunc, Y . Zhang, and P. Chitra, “An optimum space-to-ground communication concept for CubeSat platform utilizing NASA space network and near earth network,” in AIAA/USU Conf. on Small Satellite , 2016, pp. 1–19

    2016

  98. [106]

    The radar-in-a-cubesat (RAINCUBE) and measurement results,

    E. Peral, S. Statham, E. Im, S. Tanelli, T. Imken, D. Price, J. Sauder, N. Chahat, and A. Williams, “The radar-in-a-cubesat (RAINCUBE) and measurement results,” in IEEE Int. Geosci. and Remote Sens. Symp. , Jul. 2018, pp. 6297–6300

    2018

  99. [107]

    Signal analysis of GMSK modulation-based cubesat automatic identification system receiver,

    A. Munir, N. Febrian, A. Daneraici Setiawan, and Chairunnisa, “Signal analysis of GMSK modulation-based cubesat automatic identification system receiver,” in Int.l Conf. on Info. Techno., Computer, and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE), Oct. 2016, pp. 439–442

    2016

  100. [108]

    BIRDS-2: Multi-nation Cubesat constellation project for learning and capacity building,

    K. Pradhan, F. Pauline, G. Maeda, S. Kim, H. Masui, and M. Cho, “BIRDS-2: Multi-nation Cubesat constellation project for learning and capacity building,” in Proc. 32nd Annual AIAA/USU Conf. on Small Satellites, 2018

    2018

  101. [109]

    Survey of modulation and coding schemes for application in CubeSat systems,

    A. Gaysin, V . Fadeev, and M. Hennhofer, “Survey of modulation and coding schemes for application in CubeSat systems,” in Systems of Sig- nal Synchro., Gener. and Process. in Telecommun., (SINKHROINFO) , Jul. 2017, pp. 1–7

    2017

  102. [110]

    Draft recommendation for space data system stan- dards: Radio frequency and modulation systems-part 1,

    S. L. Identifiers, “Draft recommendation for space data system stan- dards: Radio frequency and modulation systems-part 1,” The Consul- tative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS), Tech. Rep., Jul. 2018

    2018

  103. [111]

    CDMA communi- cation system performance for a constellation of CubeSats around the Moon,

    A. Babuscia, D. Divsalar, K. Cheung, and C. Lee, “CDMA communi- cation system performance for a constellation of CubeSats around the Moon,” in IEEE Aerospace Conf. , Mar. 2016, pp. 1–15

    2016

  104. [112]

    Hybrid modulation as beacon replacement in CubeSat picosatellites,

    I. Vertat, R. Linhart, L. Dudacek, and J. Mejzr, “Hybrid modulation as beacon replacement in CubeSat picosatellites,” in Int. Conf. Radioelek- tronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA), Apr. 2013, pp. 297–301

    2013

  105. [113]

    Trellis-coded modulation with redundant signal sets part I: Introduction,

    G. Ungerboeck, “Trellis-coded modulation with redundant signal sets part I: Introduction,” IEEE Commun. Mag. , vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 5–11, 1987

    1987

  106. [114]

    Bandwidth-efficient modulations: Summary of definition, implementa- tion, and performance,

    “Bandwidth-efficient modulations: Summary of definition, implementa- tion, and performance,” CCSDS 413.0-G-3: Green Book, Washington, DC, USA, Int. Rep., Issue 3, Feb. 2018

    2018

  107. [115]

    Performance of turbo and trellis coded OFDM for LEO satellite channels in global mobile communications,

    W. Fernando and R. Rajatheva, “Performance of turbo and trellis coded OFDM for LEO satellite channels in global mobile communications,” in IEEE Int. Conf. on Commun. , 1998, pp. 412–416

    1998

  108. [116]

    Estimation of capabilities of cooperative cubesat sys- tems based on Alamouti transmission scheme,

    Z. S. Gibalina, V . A. Fadeev, K. A. Korsukova, M. Hennhfer, and M. Haardt, “Estimation of capabilities of cooperative cubesat sys- tems based on Alamouti transmission scheme,” in Systems of Signal Synchronization, Generating and Processing in Telecommun. (SYN- CHROINFO), Jul....

    2018

  109. [117]

    CDMA communications systems with constant envelope modulation for CubeSats,

    A. Babuscia, D. Divsalar, and K. Cheung, “CDMA communications systems with constant envelope modulation for CubeSats,” in IEEE Aerospace Conf., Mar. 2015, pp. 1–8

    2015

  110. [118]

    Cooperative earth observation through complex space information networks,

    J. Du, C. Jiang, Q. Guo, M. Guizani, and Y . Ren, “Cooperative earth observation through complex space information networks,” IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 136–144, Apr. 2016

    2016

  111. [119]

    The performance evaluation of distributed inter-satellite communication protocols for cube satellite systems,

    R. Radhakishnan, W. Edmonson, and Q. Zeng, “The performance evaluation of distributed inter-satellite communication protocols for cube satellite systems,” in Proc. 4th Design Develop. Res. Conf. , 2014, pp. 238–256

    2014

  112. [120]

    Optimal multiple access protocol for inter-satellite communication in small satellite systems,

    R. Radhakrishnan, W. W. Edmonson, F. Afghah, J. Chenou, R. M. Rodriguez-Osorio, and Q.-A. Zeng, “Optimal multiple access protocol for inter-satellite communication in small satellite systems,” in4S Small Satellite Systems and Services Symp. , 2014, pp. 1–15

    2014

  113. [121]

    Software defined radio implementation of DS-CDMA in inter-satellite commu- nications for small satellites,

    F. Pinto, F. Afghah, R. Radhakrishnan, and W. Edmonson, “Software defined radio implementation of DS-CDMA in inter-satellite commu- nications for small satellites,” in IEEE Int. Conf. on Wireless for Space and Extreme Env., (WiSEE), Dec. 2015, pp. 1–6

    2015

  114. [122]

    Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for LED-based visible light inter-satellite communications,

    A. Anzagira and W. Edmonson, “Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for LED-based visible light inter-satellite communications,” in IEEE Int. Conf. on Wireless for Space and Extreme Env., (WiSEE) , Dec. 2018, pp. 24–29

    2018

  115. [123]

    Inter-satellite communications for small satellite systems,

    R. Radhakrishnan, Q.-A. Zeng, and W. W. Edmonson, “Inter-satellite communications for small satellite systems,” Int. J. Interdiscipl. Telecommun. Netw., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 11–22, 2013

    2013

  116. [124]

    High-throughput distributed spacecraft network: architecture and multiple access technologies,

    M. A. Bergamo, “High-throughput distributed spacecraft network: architecture and multiple access technologies,” Comput. Netw., vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 725 – 749, 2005. 23

    2005

  117. [125]

    A satellite routing algorithm based on optimization of both delay and bandwidth,

    D. Zhang, S. Liu, and M. Yin, “A satellite routing algorithm based on optimization of both delay and bandwidth,” in Int. Conf. on Wireless Commun., Netw. and Mobile Comput. , Sep. 2011, pp. 1–4

    2011

  118. [126]

    On multicast routing using rectilinear steiner trees for leo satellite networks,

    D. Yang and W. Liao, “On multicast routing using rectilinear steiner trees for leo satellite networks,” IEEE Trans. on Veh. Techno., vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 2560–2569, Jul. 2008

    2008

  119. [127]

    A new routing algorithm of two-tier LEO/MEO mobile satellite communication systems,

    Wu Di and Li Qing, “A new routing algorithm of two-tier LEO/MEO mobile satellite communication systems,” in Asia-Pacific Conf. on Commun., Oct. 2005, pp. 111–115

    2005

  120. [128]

    Energy-aware routing algorithm for DTN-nanosatellite networks,

    M. Marchese and F. Patrone, “Energy-aware routing algorithm for DTN-nanosatellite networks,” in IEEE Global Commun. Conf., (GLOBECOM), Dec 2018, pp. 206–212

    2018

  121. [129]

    CubeSat Torrent: Torrent like distributed communications for CubeSat satellite clusters,

    O. N. Challa and J. McNair, “CubeSat Torrent: Torrent like distributed communications for CubeSat satellite clusters,” in IEEE Military Com- mun. Conf., Oct. 2012, pp. 1–6

    2012

  122. [130]

    An analytical framework for resource-limited small satellite networks,

    R. Liu, M. Sheng, K. Lui, X. Wang, Y . Wang, and D. Zhou, “An analytical framework for resource-limited small satellite networks,” IEEE Commun. Lett. , vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 388–391, Feb. 2016

    2016

  123. [131]

    Toward a flexible and reconfigurable broadband satellite network: Resource management architecture and strategies,

    M. Sheng, Y . Wang, J. Li, R. Liu, D. Zhou, and L. He, “Toward a flexible and reconfigurable broadband satellite network: Resource management architecture and strategies,” IEEE Wireless Commun. , vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 127–133, Aug. 2017

    2017

  124. [132]

    SDN/NFV-enabled satellite communications networks: Opportunities, scenarios and chal- lenges,

    R. Ferrus, H. Koumaras, O. Sallent, G. Agapiou, T. Rasheed, M.-A. Kourtis, C. Boustie, P. Gelard, and T. Ahmed, “SDN/NFV-enabled satellite communications networks: Opportunities, scenarios and chal- lenges,” Physical Commun., vol. 18, pp. 95 – 112, 2016

    2016

  125. [133]

    The Internet of space things/CubeSats: A ubiquitous cyber-physical system for the connected world,

    I. F. Akyildiz and A. Kak, “The Internet of space things/CubeSats: A ubiquitous cyber-physical system for the connected world,” Computer Networks, vol. 150, pp. 134 – 149, 2019

    2019

  126. [134]

    Software-defined next-generation satellite networks: Architecture, challenges, and solutions,

    S. Xu, X. Wang, and M. Huang, “Software-defined next-generation satellite networks: Architecture, challenges, and solutions,” IEEE Ac- cess, vol. 6, pp. 4027–4041, Jan. 2018

    2018

  127. [135]

    Performance evaluation of SDN-based Internet of space things,

    A. Kak, E. Guven, U. E. Ergin, and I. F. Akyildiz, “Performance evaluation of SDN-based Internet of space things,” in IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), Dec 2018, pp. 1–6

    2018

  128. [136]

    SERvICE: A software defined framework for integrated space-terrestrial satellite communication,

    T. Li, H. Zhou, H. Luo, and S. Yu, “SERvICE: A software defined framework for integrated space-terrestrial satellite communication,” IEEE Trans. on Mobile Comput. , vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 703–716, Mar. 2018

    2018

  129. [137]

    Controller placement in software-defined satellite networks,

    S. Xu, X. Wang, B. Gao, M. Zhang, and M. Huang, “Controller placement in software-defined satellite networks,” in 14th Int. Conf. on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks (MSN) , Dec. 2018, pp. 146– 151

    2018

  130. [138]

    IoT applications and services in space information networks,

    M. Bacco, L. Boero, P. Cassara, M. Colucci, A. Gotta, M. Marchese, and F. Patrone, “IoT applications and services in space information networks,” IEEE Wireless Commun. , vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 31–37, Apr. 2019

    2019

  131. [139]

    Modeling reliable M2M/IoT traffic over random access satellite links in non-saturated conditions,

    M. Bacco, P. Cassara, M. Colucci, and A. Gotta, “Modeling reliable M2M/IoT traffic over random access satellite links in non-saturated conditions,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. , vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 1042– 1051, May 2018

    2018

  132. [140]

    A speculative study on 6G,

    F. Tariq, M. Khandaker, K.-K. Wong, M. Imran, M. Bennis, and M. Debbah, “A speculative study on 6G,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1902.06700, 2019

    1902 arXiv

  133. [141]

    Next generation terahertz communications: A rendezvous of sensing, imag- ing and localization,

    H. Sarieddeen, N. Saeed, T. Y . Al-Naffouri, and M.-S. Alouini, “Next generation terahertz communications: A rendezvous of sensing, imag- ing and localization,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.10462 , 2019

    1909 arXiv

  134. [142]

    Nanosatellite-5G integration in the millimeter wave domain: A full top-down approach,

    F. Babich, M. Comisso, A. Cuttin, M. Marchese, and F. Patrone, “Nanosatellite-5G integration in the millimeter wave domain: A full top-down approach,” IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput. , vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 390–404, Feb. 2019

    2019

  135. [143]

    Collaborative data scheduling with joint forward and backward induction in small satellite networks,

    D. Zhou, M. Sheng, J. Luo, R. Liu, J. Li, and Z. Han, “Collaborative data scheduling with joint forward and backward induction in small satellite networks,” IEEE Trans. Commun. , vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 3443– 3456, May 2019

    2019

  136. [144]

    Scheduling algorithms for rapid imaging using agile Cubesat constellations,

    S. Nag, A. S. Li, and J. H. Merrick, “Scheduling algorithms for rapid imaging using agile Cubesat constellations,” Advances in Space Research, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 891 – 913, 2018

    2018

  137. [145]

    Energy-driven scheduling algorithm for nanosatellite energy harvest- ing maximization,

    L. Slongo, S. Martnez, B. Eiterer, T. Pereira, E. Bezerra, and K. Paiva, “Energy-driven scheduling algorithm for nanosatellite energy harvest- ing maximization,” Acta Astronautica, vol. 147, pp. 141 – 151, 2018

    2018

  138. [146]

    Future space-based communications infrastructures based on high throughput satellites and software defined networking,

    T. Rossi, M. De Sanctis, E. Cianca, C. Fragale, M. Ruggieri, and H. Fenech, “Future space-based communications infrastructures based on high throughput satellites and software defined networking,” inIEEE Int. Symp. on Sys. Engineering (ISSE) , Sep. 2015, pp. 332–337

    2015

  139. [147]

    Softwarization and virtual- ization as enablers for future EHF/FSO high throughput satellites,

    E. Cianca, T. Rossi, M. Ruggieri, M. Presi, E. Ciaramella, L. Luini, C. Sacchi, G. Parca, and G. Codispoti, “Softwarization and virtual- ization as enablers for future EHF/FSO high throughput satellites,” in IEEE Global Commun. Conf., (GLOBECOM) , Dec. 2018, pp. 1–6

    2018

  140. [148]

    VITAL PROJECT H2020,

    “VITAL PROJECT H2020,” http://www.ict-vital.eu/, accessed: 2019- 07-14

    2019

  141. [149]

    Blast off: The Internet of things is headed to Mars,

    “Blast off: The Internet of things is headed to Mars,” https://www.skyword.com/contentstandard/marketing/ blast-off-the-internet-of-things-is-headed-to-mars/, accessed: 2019- 07-27

    2019

  142. [150]

    Iridium NEXT SensorPODs: Global access for your scientific payloads,

    O. P. Gupta, “Iridium NEXT SensorPODs: Global access for your scientific payloads,” in Proc. of the 25th Annual AIAA/USU Conf. on Small Satellites, Aug. 2011, pp. 1–10

    2011

  143. [151]

    Low power long range transmitter,

    O. B. Seller and N. Sornin, “Low power long range transmitter,” Feb. 2016, U.S. Patent 9,252,834

    2016

  144. [152]

    A technical overview of LoRa and LoRaW AN,

    L. Alliance, “A technical overview of LoRa and LoRaW AN,” White Paper, Nov., 2015

    2015

  145. [153]

    On the LoRa modulation for IoT: Waveform properties and spectral analysis,

    M. Chiani and A. Elzanaty, “On the LoRa modulation for IoT: Waveform properties and spectral analysis,” IEEE Internet of Things J., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 8463–8470, May 2019

    2019

  146. [154]

    LEO satellite constellation for Internet of things,

    Z. Qu, G. Zhang, H. Cao, and J. Xie, “LEO satellite constellation for Internet of things,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 18 391–18 401, Aug. 2017

    2017

  147. [155]

    Experimental study of LoRa modulation immunity to doppler effect in CubeSat radio communications,

    A. Doroshkin, A. Zadorozhny, O. Kus, V . Prokopyev, and Y . Prokopyev, “Experimental study of LoRa modulation immunity to doppler effect in CubeSat radio communications,” IEEE Access , pp. 1–10, May 2019

    2019

  148. [156]

    The performance of chirp signal used in LEO satellite Internet of Things,

    Y . Qian, L. Ma, and X. Liang, “The performance of chirp signal used in LEO satellite Internet of Things,” IEEE Commun. Lett. , pp. 1–1, 2019

    2019

  149. [157]

    Deep-Learning-Based resource allocation for multi-band communications in CubeSat networks,

    S. Nie, J. M. Jornet, and I. F. Akyildiz, “Deep-Learning-Based resource allocation for multi-band communications in CubeSat networks,” in IEEE Int. Conf. on Commun. Works., (ICC Workshops), May 2019, pp. 1–6. Nasir Saeed (S’14-M’16) received his Bachelors of Telecommunication ...

    2019

  150. [2004]

    He is currently a Professor at the Electrical Engineering Department, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). His research interests lie in the areas of sparse, adaptive, and statistical signal processing and their applications, localization, machine learni...

    2008

Pith tools

Reviewed August 14, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.