A mixed finite element method with piecewise linear elements for the biharmonic equation on surfaces

The biharmonic equation with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions discretized using the mixed finite element method and piecewise linear (with the possible exception of boundary triangles) finite elements on triangular elements has been well-studied for domains in R2. Here we study the analogous problem on polyhedral surfaces. In particular, we provide a convergence proof of discrete solutions to the corresponding smooth solution of the biharmonic equation. We obtain convergence rates that are identical to the ones known for the planar setting. Our proof focuses on three different problems: solving the biharmonic equation on the surface, solving the biharmonic equation in a discrete space in the metric of the surface, and solving the biharmonic equation in a discrete space in the metric of the polyhedral approximation of the surface. We employ inverse discrete Laplacians to bound the error between the solutions of the two discrete problems, and generalize a flat strategy to bound the remaining error between the discrete solutions and the exact solution on the curved surface.