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The high-redshift tail of stellar reionization in LCDM is beyond the reach of the low-$\ell$ CMB

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arxiv 2105.08737 v2 pith:MBDPXJXM submitted 2021-05-18 astro-ph.CO astro-ph.GA

classification astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
keywords reionizationpop-iiidepthextendedmodelsopticaltailbeyond
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abstract

The first generation (Pop-III) stars can ionize 1-10% of the universe by $z=15$, when the metal-enriched (Pop-II) stars may contribute negligibly to the ionization. This low ionization tail might leave detectable imprints on the large-scale CMB E-mode polarization. However, we show that physical models for reionization are unlikely to be sufficiently extended to detect any parameter beyond the total optical depth through reionization. This result is driven in part by the total optical depth inferred by Planck, indicating a reionization midpoint around $z=8$, which in combination with the requirement that reionization completes by $z\approx 5.5$ limits the amplitude of an extended tail. To demonstrate this, we perform semi-analytic calculations of reionization including Pop-III star formation in minihalos with Lyman-Werner feedback. We find that standard Pop-III models need to produce very extended reionization at $z>15$ to be distinguishable at 2-$\sigma$ from Pop-II-only models, assuming a cosmic variance-limited measurement of the low-$\ell$ EE power spectrum. However, we show that unless there is (1) a late-time quenching mechanism such as from strong X-ray feedback or (2) some other extreme Pop-III scenario, structure formation makes it quite challenging to produce high enough Thomson scattering optical depth from $z>15$, $\tau(z>15)$, and still be consistent with other observational constraints on reionization.

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  1. Probing the ionizing photon output of galaxies near cosmic dawn with the patchy kSZ effect

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    In calibrated reionization simulations, the patchy kSZ power at ell~3000 correlates strongly with the start of reionization once the end is fixed by Lyman-alpha forest data, yielding model-dependent limits on early io...

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