Constraining beyond $\Lambda$CDM models with 21cm intensity mapping forecast observations combined with latest CMB data

We explore constraints on dark energy and modified gravity with forecast 21cm intensity mapping measurements using the Effective Field Theory approach. We construct a realistic mock data set forecasting a low redshift 21cm signal power spectrum $P_{21}(z,k)$ measurement from the MeerKAT radio-telescope. We compute constraints on cosmological and model parameters through Monte Carlo Markov chain techniques, testing both the constraining power of $P_{21}(k)$ alone and its effect when combined with the latest Planck 2018 CMB data. We complement our analysis by testing the effects of tomography from an ideal mock data set of observations in multiple redshift bins. We conduct our analysis numerically with the codes EFTCAMB/EFTCosmoMC, which we extend by implementing a likelihood module fully integrated with original codes. We find that adding $P_{21}(k)$ to CMB data provides significantly tighter constraints on $\Omega_ch^2$ and $H_0$, with a reduction of the error with respect to Planck results at the level of more than $60\%$. For the parameters describing beyond $\Lambda$CDM theories, we observe a reduction in the error with respect to the Planck constraints at the level of $\lesssim 10\%$. The improvement increases up to $\sim 35\%$ when we constrain the parameters using ideal, tomographic mock observations. We conclude that the power spectrum of the 21cm signal is sensitive to variations of the parameters describing the examined beyond $\Lambda$CDM models and, thus, $P_{21}(k)$ observations could help to constrain dark energy. The constraining power on such theories is improved significantly by tomography.