Chain Tutte polynomials

The Tutte polynomial and Derksen's $\mathcal{G}$-invariant are the universal deletion-contraction and valuative matroid and polymatroid invariants, respectively. There are only a handful of well known invariants (like the matroid Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials) between (in terms of fineness) the Tutte polynomial and Derksen's $\mathcal{G}$-invariant. The aim of this study is to define a spectrum of generalized Tutte polynomials to fill the gap between the Tutte polynomial and Derksen's $\mathcal{G}$-invariant. These polynomials are built by taking repeated convolution products of universal Tutte characters studied by Dupont, Fink, and Moci and using the framework of Ardila and Sanchez for studying valuative invariants. We develop foundational aspects of these polynomials by showing they are valuative on generalized permutahedra and present a generalized deletion-contraction formula. We apply these results on chain Tutte polynomials to obtain formulas for the M\"obius polynomial, the opposite characteristic polynomial, a generalized M\"obius polynomial, Ford's expected codimension of a matroid variety, and Derksen's $\mathcal{G}$-invariant.