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FLAMINGO: Calibrating large cosmological hydrodynamical simulations with machine learning

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arxiv 2306.05492 v2 pith:N5KVOUP2 submitted 2023-06-08 astro-ph.CO

classification astro-ph.CO
keywords parameterssubgridmasssimulationscosmologicaldataemulatorsfeedback
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To fully take advantage of the data provided by large-scale structure surveys, we need to quantify the potential impact of baryonic effects, such as feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) and star formation, on cosmological observables. In simulations, feedback processes originate on scales that remain unresolved. Therefore, they need to be sourced via subgrid models that contain free parameters. We use machine learning to calibrate the AGN and stellar feedback models for the FLAMINGO cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. Using Gaussian process emulators trained on Latin hypercubes of 32 smaller-volume simulations, we model how the galaxy stellar mass function and cluster gas fractions change as a function of the subgrid parameters. The emulators are then fit to observational data, allowing for the inclusion of potential observational biases. We apply our method to the three different FLAMINGO resolutions, spanning a factor of 64 in particle mass, recovering the observed relations within the respective resolved mass ranges. We also use the emulators, which link changes in subgrid parameters to changes in observables, to find models that skirt or exceed the observationally allowed range for cluster gas fractions and the stellar mass function. Our method enables us to define model variations in terms of the data that they are calibrated to rather than the values of specific subgrid parameters. This approach is useful, because subgrid parameters are typically not directly linked to particular observables, and predictions for a specific observable are influenced by multiple subgrid parameters.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. The One-Loop Power Spectrum of Fast Radio Burst Dispersion Measures

    astro-ph.CO 2026-08 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    A one-loop EFT power spectrum model for FRB free-electron clustering matches FLAMINGO simulations to k ~ 0.2 h/Mpc, with electron bias b_e ~ 0.92 and near-perfect electron-matter correlation.

  2. Interpreting the stacked kinetic SZ effect I: velocity reconstruction and non-linear velocity effects

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    Non-linear velocity terms cancel in real-space linear reconstruction, but redshift-space distortions reintroduce a 10–20% small-scale suppression of the stacked kSZ signal.

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    astro-ph.GA 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A parameter combination of the MillenniumTNG galaxy-formation model is found that reproduces the observed galaxy stellar-mass function and the lower gas fractions measured in groups and clusters, showing the model is ...

  4. The limits of feedback from active galactic nuclei

    astro-ph.GA 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    AGN feedback creates a mass-independent entropy ceiling that allows outflows to escape halos only below M_200m = 10^13.7 M_sun, explaining depleted gas in groups versus near-cosmic fractions in clusters.

  5. Constraints on Halo Gas Profiles from Joint kSZ and Galaxy Clustering Analysis of ACT DR6 and CMASS

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

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    astro-ph.CO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    FRB dispersion is an approximately unbiased tracer of matter on linear scales, enabling direct constraints on the baryonic parameter B8 independently of feedback and with statistical power comparable to weak lensing u...

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