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Unknotting nonorientable surfaces

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arxiv 2306.12305 v2 pith:6TFOROAU submitted 2023-06-21 math.GT

classification math.GT
keywords eulernonorientablenormalnumbersurfacesboundaryprovesurface
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abstract

Given a nonorientable, locally flatly embedded surface in the $4$-sphere of nonorientable genus $h$, Massey showed that the normal Euler number lies in $\lbrace -2h,-2h+4,\ldots,2h-4,2h \rbrace$. We prove that every such surface with knot group of order two is topologically unknotted, provided that the normal Euler number is not one of the extremal values in Massey's range. When $h$ is $1$, $2$, or $3$, we prove the same holds even with extremal normal Euler number. We also study nonorientable embedded surfaces in the 4-ball with boundary a knot $K$ in the 3-sphere, again where the surface complement has fundamental group of order two and nonorientable genus $h$. We prove that any two such surfaces with the same normal Euler number become topologically isotopic, rel. boundary, after adding a single tube to each. If the determinant of $K$ is trivial, we show that any two such surfaces are isotopic, rel. boundary, again provided that they have non-extremal normal Euler number, or that $h$ is $1$, $2$, or $3$.

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  1. More Exotic $\mathbb{RP}^2$-knots and Homotopy Spheres

    math.GT 2025-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    For every integer s, the branched double cover of the roll-spun Montesinos knot K(2,3,|6s+1|) is a homotopy 4-sphere, giving infinitely many exotic topologically unknotted RP^2-knots in S^4 with all odd Seiberg-Witten...

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