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arxiv 2311.17092 v1 pith:BSGFVEPI submitted 2023-11-28 cs.CV

SEED-Bench-2: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models

classification cs.CV
keywords mllmsmodelsseed-bench-2capabilitiesevaluationhumanlanguagelarge
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), building upon the foundation of powerful large language models (LLMs), have recently demonstrated exceptional capabilities in generating not only texts but also images given interleaved multimodal inputs (acting like a combination of GPT-4V and DALL-E 3). However, existing MLLM benchmarks remain limited to assessing only models' comprehension ability of single image-text inputs, failing to keep up with the strides made in MLLMs. A comprehensive benchmark is imperative for investigating the progress and uncovering the limitations of current MLLMs. In this work, we categorize the capabilities of MLLMs into hierarchical levels from $L_0$ to $L_4$ based on the modalities they can accept and generate, and propose SEED-Bench-2, a comprehensive benchmark that evaluates the \textbf{hierarchical} capabilities of MLLMs. Specifically, SEED-Bench-2 comprises 24K multiple-choice questions with accurate human annotations, which spans 27 dimensions, including the evaluation of both text and image generation. Multiple-choice questions with groundtruth options derived from human annotation enables an objective and efficient assessment of model performance, eliminating the need for human or GPT intervention during evaluation. We further evaluate the performance of 23 prominent open-source MLLMs and summarize valuable observations. By revealing the limitations of existing MLLMs through extensive evaluations, we aim for SEED-Bench-2 to provide insights that will motivate future research towards the goal of General Artificial Intelligence. Dataset and evaluation code are available at \href{https://github.com/AILab-CVC/SEED-Bench}

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Forward citations

Cited by 11 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. MME-RealWorld: Could Your Multimodal LLM Challenge High-Resolution Real-World Scenarios that are Difficult for Humans?

    cs.CV 2024-08 conditional novelty 8.0

    MME-RealWorld is the largest manually annotated high-resolution benchmark for MLLMs, where even the best models achieve less than 60% accuracy on challenging real-world tasks.

  2. COHERENCE: Benchmarking Fine-Grained Image-Text Alignment in Interleaved Multimodal Contexts

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    COHERENCE is a new benchmark for measuring MLLMs' ability to recover fine-grained image-text correspondences in interleaved multimodal contexts.

  3. COHERENCE: Benchmarking Fine-Grained Image-Text Alignment in Interleaved Multimodal Contexts

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    COHERENCE is a benchmark for MLLMs' fine-grained image-text alignment in interleaved multimodal contexts across four domains, with 6161 questions and six-type error analysis.

  4. MuirBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Robust Multi-image Understanding

    cs.CV 2024-06 conditional novelty 7.0

    MuirBench is a new benchmark showing that top multimodal LLMs struggle with robust multi-image understanding, with GPT-4o at 68% and open-source models below 33% accuracy.

  5. Cracking the Code of Juxtaposition: Can AI Models Understand the Humorous Contradictions

    cs.CL 2024-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Introduces YesBut benchmark showing state-of-the-art multimodal models lag humans on interpreting humorous contradictions in comics.

  6. The Last Visible Pixel: Probing Fine-Scale Perception in Vision-Language Models

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    FineSightBench reveals VLMs perceive patterns down to 12px but show persistent failures in fine-scale reasoning such as numeracy and sequencing.

  7. WorldBench: A Challenging and Visually Diverse Multimodal Reasoning Benchmark

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    WorldBench is a visually diverse multimodal reasoning benchmark where the strongest of 15 tested MLLMs reaches only 64% accuracy.

  8. DREAM-S: Speculative Decoding with Searchable Drafting and Target-Aware Refinement for Multimodal Generation

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    DREAM-S combines neural architecture search, target-aware supernet training, and attention-entropy-guided distillation to accelerate speculative decoding in VLMs, reporting up to 3.85x speedup over standard methods.

  9. When 'YES' Meets 'BUT': Can Large Models Comprehend Contradictory Humor Through Comparative Reasoning?

    cs.CV 2025-03 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Presents YesBut (V2) benchmark and shows state-of-the-art VLMs significantly underperform humans on tasks requiring comparative reasoning for contradictory humor in comics.

  10. BLINK: Multimodal Large Language Models Can See but Not Perceive

    cs.CV 2024-04 accept novelty 6.0

    BLINK benchmark shows multimodal LLMs reach only 45-51 percent accuracy on core visual perception tasks where humans achieve 95 percent, indicating these abilities have not emerged.

  11. End-to-End LLM Flight Planning with RAG-based Memory and Multi-modal Coach Agent

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    FRAMe combines an LLM planner with RAG-based memory and a multi-modal coach agent to generate valid, preference-aligned eVTOL flight plans, achieving up to 93.8% validity across four LLMs.