Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Heavy-Tailed Class Imbalance and Why Adam Outperforms Gradient Descent on Language Models

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 7 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2402.19449.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2402.19449 v2

Coverage vector

measured 0 of 0 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 7 of 7 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 7 of 7 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:30.584903Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-02T23:37:27.035864Z

Reference resolution

0 of 0 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved0
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.

Pith citing papers

Observation 93b8ace5-b1e8-41e7-976f-b4ee1f3a29da · inbound

Is your batch size the problem? Revisiting the Adam-SGD gap in language modeling cites this paper.

Is your batch size the problem? Revisiting the Adam-SGD gap in language modeling Heavy-Tailed Class Imbalance and Why Adam Outperforms Gradient Descent on Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:50:30.584903Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 695b4b05-6208-440c-9b30-0ffb1201aa38 · inbound

Simple Convergence Proof of Adam From a Sign-like Descent Perspective cites this paper.

Simple Convergence Proof of Adam From a Sign-like Descent Perspective Heavy-Tailed Class Imbalance and Why Adam Outperforms Gradient Descent on Language Models

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:25:24.881398Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 03e8a653-b280-4c7a-9d79-158e223e8596 · inbound

SoftSignSGD(S3): An Enhanced Optimizer for Practical DNN Training and Loss Spikes Minimization Beyond Adam cites this paper.

SoftSignSGD(S3): An Enhanced Optimizer for Practical DNN Training and Loss Spikes Minimization Beyond Adam Heavy-Tailed Class Imbalance and Why Adam Outperforms Gradient Descent on Language Models

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:10:16.543726Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 804db7b2-bcdb-4899-85ca-a5638c30b740 · inbound

On the Performance of Differentially Private Optimization with Heavy-Tail Class Imbalance cites this paper.

On the Performance of Differentially Private Optimization with Heavy-Tail Class Imbalance Heavy-Tailed Class Imbalance and Why Adam Outperforms Gradient Descent on Language Models

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:35:00.523005Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 220bfc87-8221-47cc-b5a2-1361fcbafb40 · inbound

Cornerstones or Stumbling Blocks? Deciphering the Rock Tokens in On-Policy Distillation cites this paper.

Cornerstones or Stumbling Blocks? Deciphering the Rock Tokens in On-Policy Distillation Heavy-Tailed Class Imbalance and Why Adam Outperforms Gradient Descent on Language Models

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T07:31:35.949353Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 9660cd88-0dd3-4a6a-b3ac-3a2905a11290 · inbound

Cornerstones or Stumbling Blocks? Deciphering the Rock Tokens in On-Policy Distillation cites this paper.

Cornerstones or Stumbling Blocks? Deciphering the Rock Tokens in On-Policy Distillation Heavy-Tailed Class Imbalance and Why Adam Outperforms Gradient Descent on Language Models

Reference 31

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T13:45:45.699212Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a90c3278-5f69-4580-a59f-b32941ed8761 · inbound

Cornerstones or Stumbling Blocks? Deciphering the Rock Tokens in On-Policy Distillation cites this paper.

Cornerstones or Stumbling Blocks? Deciphering the Rock Tokens in On-Policy Distillation Heavy-Tailed Class Imbalance and Why Adam Outperforms Gradient Descent on Language Models

Reference 31

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T23:37:27.037144Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.