pith. sign in

arxiv: 2404.14333 · v1 · submitted 2024-04-22 · 💻 cs.NI · cs.ET

DE-LIoT: The Data-Energy Networking Paradigm for Sustainable Light-Based Internet of Things

Amila Perera , Roshan Godaliyadda , Marcos Katz This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-24 02:28 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 💻 cs.NI cs.ET
keywords Visible Light CommunicationEnergy HarvestingInternet of ThingsData-Energy NetworkingSustainable IoTVLC-based WPANsNode Lifetime Extension
0
0 comments X

The pith

The DE-LIoT architecture enables sustainable VLC-based IoT by using dense nodes and central control for simultaneous data and energy transfer.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper proposes DE-LIoT as a new networking model for light-based IoT that integrates visible light communication for both data exchange and energy harvesting. It counters channel instability and energy waste in standard setups by deploying many nodes under one controller that tracks energy states and coordinates transfers. The design targets long-term autonomy for resource-limited indoor devices without constant external power. Real hardware tests confirm the approach delivers measurable lifetime gains for the nodes.

Core claim

The paper establishes that a Data-Energy Networking paradigm in VLC-based wireless personal area networks achieves practical sustainability by letting densely distributed, energy-state-aware nodes exchange both information and power under centralized control, overcoming conventional limits on harvesting efficiency and storage.

What carries the argument

The DE-LIoT architecture of densely distributed nodes managed by a central controller for simultaneous data and energy network operation with energy-state awareness.

If this is right

  • Resource-limited IoT nodes achieve extended operational lifetimes through coordinated energy exchange.
  • Excess energy that would otherwise go to waste is redirected by matching harvest rates to actual storage needs.
  • VLC channels support more stable combined data and power delivery when managed centrally.
  • Indoor WPANs reach higher overall resource efficiency without added batteries or frequent maintenance.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The model could integrate with existing indoor lighting fixtures to lower the cost of new IoT deployments.
  • Performance in very large spaces may require multiple coordinated controllers rather than one.
  • Similar joint data-energy ideas might be tested in other wireless bands where energy transfer is feasible.

Load-bearing premise

That a central controller and dense node placement can maintain reliable simultaneous data and energy links despite line-of-sight requirements and indoor movements.

What would settle it

A hardware experiment where node lifetimes show no improvement or decline under realistic indoor movement patterns that repeatedly break line-of-sight paths.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2404.14333 by Amila Perera, Marcos Katz, Roshan Godaliyadda.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Essential components and typical use case scenario for DE-LIoT. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: After the OAP prioritises a SSN under low illumination or poor VLC channel conditions, the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Variations in internal ES voltage occur with different time parameters for PSN. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: The structure of the DE-LIoT optical access point, capable of performing both indoor illumination [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Structure of DE-LIoT node with energy harvesting unit, along with sensing, processing, and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: The proposed communication data frame structure for the DE-LIoT network, based on the PHY [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Data frame structure used in the prototype network, where advertisements and data are fused [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Circuit diagram of the implemented prototype OAP, with two Arduino Nano boards for simultaneous [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p018_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: The algorithm used in the implemented prototype OAP. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p019_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: The diagram of implemented EHU. 19 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p019_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: The circuit diagram of implemented DE-LIoT node. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p020_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: The simplified algorithm of the implemented prototype DE-LIoT node. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p021_12.png] view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: View of the implemented DE-LIoT prototypes: a) OAP transmitter LED array and receriver; b) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p022_13.png] view at source ↗
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: Average power consumption of the functions compared to the power generation of a single OPV [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_14.png] view at source ↗
Figure 15
Figure 15. Figure 15: The impact of node-node ETX for OAP-node communication link. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p024_15.png] view at source ↗
Figure 16
Figure 16. Figure 16: Variation of duty cycle and standby time with [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p025_16.png] view at source ↗
Figure 17
Figure 17. Figure 17: The graph clearly demonstrates that the OAP illumination effectively covered the majority of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p025_17.png] view at source ↗
Figure 18
Figure 18. Figure 18: Variation in average recharge time for harvesting 1000 mJ of excess energy across different [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p026_18.png] view at source ↗
Figure 19
Figure 19. Figure 19: The positioning of prototype PSNs represented by Node 1 and Node 3 (PSNs), along with the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_19.png] view at source ↗
Figure 20
Figure 20. Figure 20: The received capacitor voltages and sensed values from prototype DE-LIoT nodes are presented [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_20.png] view at source ↗
Figure 21
Figure 21. Figure 21: The variation in SSN VCap and total internal energy during the enabled ETX mode over a 60-hour interval. 3.2V (VOVDIS) is considered as the minimum voltage threshold to determine ES depletion. SSN remained constant, as the channel conditions were static throughout the duration of the experiment. As shown in Figure 20a , in the absence of ETX, the SSN could only sustain operation for 8 hours. Notably, the … view at source ↗
Figure 22
Figure 22. Figure 22: The lux level variation experienced by the SSN during [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p029_22.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The growing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) networks has sparked interest in sustainable, zero-energy designs through Energy Harvesting (EH) to extend the lifespans of IoT sensors. Visible Light Communication (VLC) is particularly promising, integrating signal transmission with optical power harvesting to enable both data exchange and energy transfer in indoor network nodes. VLC indoor channels, however, can be unstable due to their line-of-sight nature and indoor movements. In conventional EH-based IoT networks, maximum Energy Storage (ES) capacity might halt further harvesting or waste excess energy, leading to resource inefficiency. Addressing these issues, this paper proposes a novel VLC-based WPANs concept that enhances both data and energy harvesting efficiency. The architecture employs densely distributed nodes and a central controller for simultaneous data and energy network operation, ensuring efficient energy exchange and resource optimisation. This approach, with centralised control and energy-state-aware nodes, aims for long-term energy autonomy. The feasibility of the Data-Energy Networking-enabled Light-based Internet of Things (DE-LIoT) concept is validated through real hardware implementation, demonstrating its sustainability and practical applicability. Results show significant improvements in the lifetime of resource-limited nodes, confirming the effectiveness of this new data and energy networking model in enhancing sustainability and resource optimisation in VLC-based WPANs.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The paper proposes the DE-LIoT architecture for VLC-based WPANs, employing densely distributed nodes and a central controller to enable simultaneous data and energy networking for long-term energy autonomy in IoT sensors. It claims that this approach addresses VLC channel instability and energy storage inefficiencies, with feasibility validated through real hardware implementation demonstrating significant lifetime improvements for resource-limited nodes.

Significance. If the hardware results hold with proper quantification, the work could advance sustainable IoT designs by integrating data and energy transfer in VLC, offering a practical alternative to conventional EH systems through centralized energy-state-aware scheduling. The emphasis on dense nodes and resource optimization addresses a relevant gap in indoor network sustainability.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim that feasibility is validated through real hardware implementation with 'significant improvements in the lifetime of resource-limited nodes' supplies no quantitative metrics, baselines, error bars, or exclusion criteria, rendering the result uninspectable and load-bearing for the paper's contribution.
  2. [Abstract] Abstract: VLC indoor channels are explicitly described as unstable due to LOS requirements and indoor movements, yet the architecture's reliance on a central controller for reliable simultaneous data/energy transfer lacks any reported mobility traces, outage statistics, or multi-node coordination details under movement, so the claimed transfer to indoor WPAN scenarios is not supported by the described experiments.
minor comments (2)
  1. Clarify notation for energy-state-aware nodes and DE-LIoT components to ensure consistency between abstract and main text.
  2. Add references to prior VLC-EH work for context on the novelty of the data-energy networking paradigm.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive comments on our manuscript. We address each major comment point-by-point below and indicate planned revisions.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim that feasibility is validated through real hardware implementation with 'significant improvements in the lifetime of resource-limited nodes' supplies no quantitative metrics, baselines, error bars, or exclusion criteria, rendering the result uninspectable and load-bearing for the paper's contribution.

    Authors: We agree that the abstract should include quantitative metrics to substantiate the claim. The full manuscript reports hardware results with specific lifetime extensions (including baselines and variability measures), but these were summarized only qualitatively in the abstract. We will revise the abstract to incorporate the key numerical outcomes, baselines, and error information from the experiments. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: VLC indoor channels are explicitly described as unstable due to LOS requirements and indoor movements, yet the architecture's reliance on a central controller for reliable simultaneous data/energy transfer lacks any reported mobility traces, outage statistics, or multi-node coordination details under movement, so the claimed transfer to indoor WPAN scenarios is not supported by the described experiments.

    Authors: The manuscript notes VLC channel instability due to LOS and movements. The hardware validation demonstrates the core centralized data-energy networking and energy-state-aware scheduling in controlled static conditions to establish feasibility. We acknowledge that mobility traces, outage statistics, and dynamic multi-node coordination are not reported. We will revise to explicitly state this scope limitation and add discussion on how the central controller design supports adaptation, while noting dynamic scenarios as future work. revision: partial

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: architectural proposal validated by hardware implementation, no derivation chain present.

full rationale

The paper advances a conceptual architecture for DE-LIoT using VLC for simultaneous data/energy transfer via dense nodes and a central controller. Its core claim is empirical feasibility shown via real hardware tests that report extended node lifetimes. No equations, fitted parameters, predictions derived from inputs, or self-citation chains appear in the abstract or described structure. The work is self-contained as an implementation-driven proposal rather than a mathematical derivation that could reduce to its own definitions or fits. External benchmarks (hardware results) stand independent of any internal redefinition.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 1 invented entities

The central claim rests on the domain assumption that VLC links remain usable for simultaneous data and power under movement, plus the invented DE-LIoT control architecture whose performance is asserted via hardware without independent benchmarks shown in the abstract.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption VLC indoor channels can support simultaneous data transmission and optical power harvesting despite line-of-sight constraints and movements when nodes are densely deployed and centrally coordinated.
    Invoked to justify the architecture's ability to achieve long-term energy autonomy.
invented entities (1)
  • DE-LIoT architecture with central controller and energy-state-aware nodes no independent evidence
    purpose: To enable efficient simultaneous data and energy exchange and resource optimisation for long-term autonomy.
    New named system introduced in the paper; no independent evidence outside the claimed hardware test is provided in the abstract.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5774 in / 1328 out tokens · 21670 ms · 2026-05-24T02:28:52.773760+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

98 extracted references · 98 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Nafi, and Md Saiful Islam

    Khalid Hasan, Kamanashis Biswas, Khandakar Ahmed, Nazmus S. Nafi, and Md Saiful Islam. A comprehensive review of wireless body area network.Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 143:178–198, 2019. ISSN 1084-8045. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2019.06.016. URL https: //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804519302218

    work page doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2019.06.016 2019

  2. [2]

    The big picture on the internet of things and the smart city: a review of what we know and what we need to know

    Abderahman Rejeb, Karim Rejeb, Steve Simske, Horst Treiblmaier, and Suhaiza Zailani. The big picture on the internet of things and the smart city: a review of what we know and what we need to know. 30 Internet of Things, 19:100565, 2022. ISSN 2542-6605. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2022.100565. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.iot.2022.100565 2022

  3. [3]

    Enabling technologies for wireless body area networks: A survey and outlook

    Huasong Cao, Victor Leung, Cupid Chow, and Henry Chan. Enabling technologies for wireless body area networks: A survey and outlook. IEEE Communications Magazine, 47(12):84–93, 2009. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2009.5350373

    work page doi:10.1109/mcom.2009.5350373 2009

  4. [4]

    Recentadvancesinenergymanagement for green-iot: An up-to-date and comprehensive survey.Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 198:103257, 2022

    SanaBenhamaid, AbdelmadjidBouabdallah, andHichamLakhlef. Recentadvancesinenergymanagement for green-iot: An up-to-date and comprehensive survey.Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 198:103257, 2022. ISSN 1084-8045. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2021.103257. URLhttps://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804521002551

    work page doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2021.103257 2022

  5. [5]

    Onel L. A. López, Hirley Alves, Richard Demo Souza, Samuel Montejo-Sánchez, Evelio Martin Garcia Fernández, and Matti Latva-Aho. Massive wireless energy transfer: Enabling sustainable iot toward 6g era. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(11):8816–8835, 2021. doi:10.1109/JIOT.2021.3050612

    work page doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3050612 2021

  6. [6]

    Energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks (eh-wsns): A review.ACM Trans

    Kofi Sarpong Adu-Manu, Nadir Adam, Cristiano Tapparello, Hoda Ayatollahi, and Wendi Heinzelman. Energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks (eh-wsns): A review.ACM Trans. Sen. Netw., 14(2), apr

    work page

  7. [7]

    doi:10.1145/3183338

    ISSN 1550-4859. doi:10.1145/3183338. URLhttps://doi.org/10.1145/3183338

    work page doi:10.1145/3183338

  8. [8]

    Ultra-low power techniques in energy harvesting wireless sen- sor networks: Recent advances and issues

    Felix Mazunga and Action Nechibvute. Ultra-low power techniques in energy harvesting wireless sen- sor networks: Recent advances and issues. Scientific African, 11:e00720, 2021. ISSN 2468-2276. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00720. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S2468227621000247

    work page doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00720 2021

  9. [9]

    Vullers, R

    R.J.M. Vullers, R. van Schaijk, I. Doms, C. Van Hoof, and R. Mertens. Microp- ower energy harvesting. Solid-State Electronics, 53(7):684–693, 2009. ISSN 0038-1101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2008.12.011. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S0038110109000720. Papers Selected from the 38th European Solid-State Device Research Confe...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.sse.2008.12.011 2009

  10. [10]

    Integrated wireless communications and wireless power transfer: An overview

    Liang Han and Lemin Li. Integrated wireless communications and wireless power transfer: An overview. Physical Communication, 25:555–563, 2017. ISSN 1874-4907. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2017.10.015. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S1874490717302495

    work page doi:10.1016/j.phycom.2017.10.015 2017

  11. [11]

    Olwal, and Karim Djouani

    Olumide Alamu, Thomas O. Olwal, and Karim Djouani. An overview of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer in massive mimo networks: A resource allocation perspective.Physical Communication, 57:101983, 2023. ISSN 1874-4907. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2022.101983. URL https: //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1874490722002609

    work page doi:10.1016/j.phycom.2022.101983 2023

  12. [12]

    Performance analysis of swipt assisted cooperative internet of things (iot) network under optimal and adaptive power splitting schemes

    Nausheen Ashraf, Shahzad Amin Sheikh, and Sajjad Ahmad Khan. Performance analysis of swipt assisted cooperative internet of things (iot) network under optimal and adaptive power splitting schemes. Internet of Things, 20:100630, 2022. ISSN 2542-6605. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2022.100630. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S25426...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.iot.2022.100630 2022

  13. [13]

    Ziapour, Hadi Ghaebi, and Mohammad Hassan Khooban

    Ali Mohammadnia, Behrooz M. Ziapour, Hadi Ghaebi, and Mohammad Hassan Khooban. Feasibility assessment of next-generation drones powering by laser-based wireless power transfer.Optics and Laser Technology, 143:107283, 2021. ISSN 0030-3992. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107283. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030399221003716

    work page doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107283 2021

  14. [14]

    Popoola, and Joaquin Perez

    Zabih Ghassemlooy, Stanislav Zvanovec, Mohammad-Ali Khalighi, Wasiu O. Popoola, and Joaquin Perez. Optical wireless communication systems. Optik, 151:1–6, 2017. ISSN 0030-4026. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.11.052. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S0030402617314638. Optical Wireless Communication Systems

    work page doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.11.052 2017

  15. [15]

    An adaptive parameter setting algorithm to en- hance performance in self-organizing bluetooth low energy networks.Wireless Personal Communications, 87(3):953–969, 2016

    Gisu Park, Woojin Park, Moonki Hong, and Kijun Han. An adaptive parameter setting algorithm to en- hance performance in self-organizing bluetooth low energy networks.Wireless Personal Communications, 87(3):953–969, 2016. doi:10.1007/s11277-015-2619-4. 31

    work page doi:10.1007/s11277-015-2619-4 2016

  16. [16]

    Visible light backscattering with applications to the internet of things: State-of-the-art, challenges, and opportunities

    Muhammad Habib Ullah, Giacinto Gelli, and Francesco Verde. Visible light backscattering with applications to the internet of things: State-of-the-art, challenges, and opportunities. Internet of Things, 22:100768, 2023. ISSN 2542-6605. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2023.100768. URLhttps: //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542660523000914

    work page doi:10.1016/j.iot.2023.100768 2023

  17. [17]

    Light- based internet of things: Implementation of an optically connected energy-autonomous node

    Amila Perera, Marcos Katz, Roshan Godaliyadda, Juha Häkkinen, and Esko Strömmer. Light- based internet of things: Implementation of an optically connected energy-autonomous node. In 2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pages 1–7, 2021. doi:10.1109/WCNC49053.2021.9417484

    work page doi:10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417484 2021

  18. [18]

    Introduction to indoor networking concepts and challenges in lifi.J

    Harald Haas, Liang Yin, Cheng Chen, Stefan Videv, Damian Parol, Enrique Poves, Hamada Alshaer, and Mohamed Sufyan Islim. Introduction to indoor networking concepts and challenges in lifi.J. Opt. Commun. Netw., 12(2):A190–A203, Feb 2020. doi:10.1364/JOCN.12.00A190. URLhttps://opg. optica.org/jocn/abstract.cfm?URI=jocn-12-2-A190

    work page doi:10.1364/jocn.12.00a190 2020

  19. [19]

    Basins of Attraction, Commitment Sets, and Phenotypes of Boolean Networks

    Yusuf Said Eroğlu, Yavuz Yapıcı, and İsmail Güvenç. Impact of random receiver orientation on visible light communications channel.IEEE Transactions on Communications, 67(2):1313–1325, 2019. doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2018.2879093

    work page doi:10.1109/tcomm.2018.2879093 2019

  20. [20]

    Light-based iot: Developing a full-duplex energy autonomous iot node using printed electronics technology.Sensors, 21(23), 2021

    Malalgodage Amila Nilantha Perera, Marcos Katz, Juha Häkkinen, and Roshan Godaliyadda. Light-based iot: Developing a full-duplex energy autonomous iot node using printed electronics technology.Sensors, 21(23), 2021. ISSN 1424-8220. doi:10.3390/s21238024. URLhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/ 23/8024

    work page doi:10.3390/s21238024 2021

  21. [21]

    Printed sensor technologies for monitoring applications in smart farming: A review.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 70: 1–19, 2021

    Rakiba Rayhana, Gaozhi George Xiao, and Zheng Liu. Printed sensor technologies for monitoring applications in smart farming: A review.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 70: 1–19, 2021. doi:10.1109/TIM.2021.3112234

    work page doi:10.1109/tim.2021.3112234 2021

  22. [22]

    A review on printed electronics: Fabrication methods, inks, substrates, applications and environmental impacts.Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 5(3), 2021

    Jenny Wiklund, Alp Karakoç, Toni Palko, Hüseyin Yiğitler, Kalle Ruttik, Riku Jäntti, and Jouni Paltakari. A review on printed electronics: Fabrication methods, inks, substrates, applications and environmental impacts.Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 5(3), 2021. ISSN 2504-4494. doi:10.3390/jmmp5030089. URL https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/5/3/89

    work page doi:10.3390/jmmp5030089 2021

  23. [23]

    Lightnets: Smart lighting and mobile optical wireless networks — a survey.IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 15(4):1620–1641, 2013

    Abdullah Sevincer, Aashish Bhattarai, Mehmet Bilgi, Murat Yuksel, and Nezih Pala. Lightnets: Smart lighting and mobile optical wireless networks — a survey.IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 15(4):1620–1641, 2013. doi:10.1109/SURV.2013.032713.00150

    work page doi:10.1109/surv.2013.032713.00150 2013

  24. [24]

    Prototyping visible light communication for the internet of things using openvlc

    Borja Genoves Guzman, Muhammad Sarmad Mir, Dayrene Frometa Fonseca, Ander Galisteo, Qing Wang, and Domenico Giustiniano. Prototyping visible light communication for the internet of things using openvlc. IEEE Communications Magazine, 61(5):122–128, 2023. doi:10.1109/MCOM.001.2200642

    work page doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2200642 2023

  25. [25]

    Low-complexity visible light networking with led-to-led communication

    Domenico Giustiniano, Nils Ole Tippenhauer, and Stefan Mangold. Low-complexity visible light networking with led-to-led communication. In 2012 IFIP Wireless Days, pages 1–8, 2012. doi:10.1109/WD.2012.6402861

    work page doi:10.1109/wd.2012.6402861 2012

  26. [26]

    Shine: A step towards distributed multi-hop visible light commu- nication

    Lennart Klaver and Marco Zuniga. Shine: A step towards distributed multi-hop visible light commu- nication. In 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems, pages 235–243, 2015. doi:10.1109/MASS.2015.78

    work page doi:10.1109/mass.2015.78 2015

  27. [27]

    Stefan Schmid, Thomas Richner, Stefan Mangold, and Thomas R. Gross. Enlighting: An indoor visible light communication system based on networked light bulbs. In 2016 13th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON), pages 1–9, 2016. doi:10.1109/SAHCN.2016.7732989

    work page doi:10.1109/sahcn.2016.7732989 2016

  28. [28]

    Meiwei Kong, Yujian Guo, Mohammed Sait, Omar Alkhazragi, Chun Hong Kang, Tien Khee Ng, and Boon S. Ooi. Toward automatic subsea operations using real-time underwater optical wireless sensor networks. IEEE Photonics Journal, 14(1):1–8, 2022. doi:10.1109/JPHOT.2021.3136922. 32

    work page doi:10.1109/jphot.2021.3136922 2022

  29. [29]

    Wireless power transmission powering miniaturized low power iot devices: A revie

    Louis Meile, Anja Ulrich, and Michele Magno. Wireless power transmission powering miniaturized low power iot devices: A revie. In2019 IEEE 8th International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI), pages 312–317, 2019. doi:10.1109/IWASI.2019.8791433

    work page doi:10.1109/iwasi.2019.8791433 2019

  30. [30]

    A review of challenges and barriers imple- menting rfid technology in the healthcare sector.Procedia Computer Science, 170:1003–1010, 2020

    Ahed Abugabah, Nishara Nizamuddin, and Alaa Abuqabbeh. A review of challenges and barriers imple- menting rfid technology in the healthcare sector.Procedia Computer Science, 170:1003–1010, 2020. ISSN 1877-0509. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.094. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S1877050920305329. The 11th International ...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.094 2020

  31. [31]

    Frank Chen.Trends in Supply Chain Design and Management: Technologies and Methodologies

    Hosang Jung, Bongju Jeong, and F. Frank Chen.Trends in Supply Chain Design and Management: Technologies and Methodologies. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-607-0

    work page doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-607-0 2009

  32. [32]

    Experi- mental biomedical eeg signal transmission using vlc.IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(10):5386–5387, 2015

    Durai Rajan Dhatchayeny, Atul Sewaiwar, Samrat Vikramaditya Tiwari, and Yeon Ho Chung. Experi- mental biomedical eeg signal transmission using vlc.IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(10):5386–5387, 2015. doi:10.1109/JSEN.2015.2453200

    work page doi:10.1109/jsen.2015.2453200 2015

  33. [33]

    Integration of visible light communication and positioning within 5g networks for internet of things.IEEE Network, 34(5):134–140,

    Helin Yang, Wen-De Zhong, Chen Chen, and Arokiaswami Alphones. Integration of visible light communication and positioning within 5g networks for internet of things.IEEE Network, 34(5):134–140,

    work page

  34. [34]

    doi:10.1109/MNET.011.1900567

    work page doi:10.1109/mnet.011.1900567

  35. [35]

    An in-depth survey of visible light communication based positioning systems

    Trong-Hop Do and Myungsik Yoo. An in-depth survey of visible light communication based positioning systems. Sensors, 16(5), 2016. ISSN 1424-8220. doi:10.3390/s16050678. URLhttps://www.mdpi.com/ 1424-8220/16/5/678

    work page doi:10.3390/s16050678 2016

  36. [36]

    Data aggregation algorithms for wireless sensor network: A review

    Mandeep Kaur and Amit Munjal. Data aggregation algorithms for wireless sensor network: A review. Ad Hoc Networks, 100:102083, 2020. ISSN 1570-8705. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2020.102083. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S157087051830547X

    work page doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2020.102083 2020

  37. [37]

    Duty Cycling

    Reinhard Gotzhein. Duty Cycling. InReal-time Communication Protocols for Multi-hop Ad-hoc Networks, pages149–166.SpringerInternationalPublishing, Cham, 2020. ISBN978-3-030-33318-8978-3-030-33319-5. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33319-5_7. URL http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-33319-5_7. Series Title: Computer Communications and Networks

    work page doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33319-5_7 2020

  38. [38]

    Design Science and Innovation

    Pranab Kumar Nag.Office Buildings: Health, Safety and Environment. Design Science and Innovation. Springer Singapore, 1st ed. edition, 2019. ISBN 978-981-13-2576-2,978-981-13-2577-9

    work page 2019

  39. [39]

    Roberts, and Sang-Kyu Lim

    Sridhar Rajagopal, Richard D. Roberts, and Sang-Kyu Lim. Ieee 802.15.7 visible light communica- tion: modulation schemes and dimming support.IEEE Communications Magazine, 50(3):72–82, 2012. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2012.6163585

    work page doi:10.1109/mcom.2012.6163585 2012

  40. [40]

    Betancourt Perlaza, Juan C

    Juan S. Betancourt Perlaza, Juan C. Torres Zafra, Máximo Morales-Cespedes, Ahmad Adnan Qidan, Benjamín Bentura, Ana García Armada, and José M. Sánchez Pena. Measurement of the modulation bandwidth of high-power chip-on-board leds for vlc systems. In2022 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP),...

    work page doi:10.1109/csndsp54353.2022.9908014 2022

  41. [41]

    Marcos Alonso, Carlos Henrique Barriquello, Vitalio Alfonso Reguera, and Marco Antônio Dalla Costa

    Lucas Teixeira, Felipe Loose, J. Marcos Alonso, Carlos Henrique Barriquello, Vitalio Alfonso Reguera, and Marco Antônio Dalla Costa. A review of visible light communication led drivers.IEEE Journal of Emerg- ing and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 10(1):919–933, 2022. doi:10.1109/JESTPE.2021.3092284

    work page doi:10.1109/jestpe.2021.3092284 2022

  42. [42]

    Mendoza, Silvestre Rodríguez, Rafael Pérez-Jiménez, Alejandro Ayala, and Oswaldo González

    Beatriz R. Mendoza, Silvestre Rodríguez, Rafael Pérez-Jiménez, Alejandro Ayala, and Oswaldo González. Comparison of three non-imaging angle-diversity receivers as input sensors of nodes for indoor in- frared wireless sensor networks: Theory and simulation. Sensors, 16(7), 2016. ISSN 1424-8220. doi:10.3390/s16071086. URL https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7...

    work page doi:10.3390/s16071086 2016

  43. [43]

    Thomas, Hancy Rohan Crasta, K

    John K. Thomas, Hancy Rohan Crasta, K. Kausthubha, Chavan Gowda, and Ashwath Rao. Battery monitoring system using machine learning.Journal of Energy Storage, 40:102741, 2021. ISSN 2352- 152X. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102741. URLhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S2352152X21004734

    work page doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.102741 2021

  44. [44]

    Miim-based optical log spiral rectenna for efficient ir energy harvesting.Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(11): 8897–8909, 2022

    Ali Yahyaoui, Ahmed Elsharabasy, Jawad Yousaf, Khaled Sedraoui, and Hatem Rmili. Miim-based optical log spiral rectenna for efficient ir energy harvesting.Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(11): 8897–8909, 2022. ISSN 1110-0168. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2022.02.025. URLhttps://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016822001132

    work page doi:10.1016/j.aej.2022.02.025 2022

  45. [46]

    C. Chen, J. Chen, H. Han, et al. Perovskite solar cells based on screen-printed thin films.Nature, 612: 266–271, 2022. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05346-0

    work page doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05346-0 2022

  46. [47]

    Indoor organic photovoltaics for self- sustaining iot devices: Progress, challenges and practicalization.ChemSusChem, 14(17):3449–3474, 2021

    Muhammad Jahandar, Soyeon Kim, and Dong Chan Lim. Indoor organic photovoltaics for self- sustaining iot devices: Progress, challenges and practicalization.ChemSusChem, 14(17):3449–3474, 2021. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202100981. URL https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/abs/10.1002/cssc.202100981

    work page doi:10.1002/cssc.202100981 2021

  47. [48]

    Energy harvesting from shadow-effect

    Qian Zhang, Qijie Liang, Dilip Krishna Nandakumar, Sai Kishore Ravi, Hao Qu, Lakshmi Suresh, Xueping Zhang, Yaoxin Zhang, Lin Yang, Andrew Thye Shen Wee, and Swee Ching Tan. Energy harvesting from shadow-effect. Energy and Environmental Science, 13(8):2404–2413, 2020. ISSN 1754-5692, 1754-5706. doi:10.1039/D0EE00825G. URL http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D0EE00825G

    work page doi:10.1039/d0ee00825g 2020

  48. [49]

    Multiscale array antireflective coatings for improv- ing efficiencies of solar cells

    Yijie Li, Yaoju Zhang, Jie Lin, Chaolong Fang, Yongqi Ke, Hua Tao, Weiji Wang, Xuesong Zhao, Zhihong Li, and Zhenkun Lin. Multiscale array antireflective coatings for improv- ing efficiencies of solar cells. Applied Surface Science, 462:105–111, 2018. ISSN 0169-4332. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.053. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/scien...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.053 2018

  49. [50]

    Power management for energy harvesting in iot – a brief review of requirements and innovations

    Sanad Kawar, Shoba Krishnan, and Khaldoon Abugharbieh. Power management for energy harvesting in iot – a brief review of requirements and innovations. In2021 IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), pages 360–364, 2021. doi:10.1109/MWSCAS47672.2021.9531846

    work page doi:10.1109/mwscas47672.2021.9531846 2021

  50. [51]

    Maximum power point tracking and photo- voltaic energy harvesting for internet of things: A comprehensive review.Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 47:101430, 2021

    Fahad Faraz Ahmad, Chaouki Ghenai, and Maamar Bettayeb. Maximum power point tracking and photo- voltaic energy harvesting for internet of things: A comprehensive review.Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 47:101430, 2021. ISSN 2213-1388. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101430. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101430 2021

  51. [52]

    AEM1094: Integrated Energy Management Subsystem for RF Energy Harvesting

    E-peas. AEM1094: Integrated Energy Management Subsystem for RF Energy Harvesting. E-peas, Namur, Belgium. URL https://e-peas.com/product/aem1094/

    work page

  52. [53]

    NEH2000BY Data Sheet , 2023

    Nexperia. NEH2000BY Data Sheet , 2023. URL https://assets.nexperia.com/documents/ data-sheet/NEH2000BY.pdf

    work page 2023

  53. [54]

    Adp5091/adp5092 (rev

    Analog Devices. Adp5091/adp5092 (rev. a). Technical report, Analog Devices, 2019. URLwww.analog. com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/ADP5091-5092.pdf

    work page 2019

  54. [55]

    e-peas, 2023

    e-peas Product Brief: AEM13920. e-peas, 2023. URL https://e-peas.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2023/08/e-peas-product-brief-AEM13920.pdf

    work page 2023

  55. [56]

    Jingyuan Zhao and Andrew F. Burke. Review on supercapacitors: Technologies and per- formance evaluation. Journal of Energy Chemistry , 59:276–291, 2021. ISSN 2095-4956. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2020.11.013. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S2095495620307634. 34

    work page doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2020.11.013 2021

  56. [57]

    Drakakis

    Xicai Yue, Janice Kiely, Des Gibson, and Emmanuel M. Drakakis. Charge-Based Supercapacitor Storage Estimation for Indoor Sub-mW Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting Powered Wireless Sensor Nodes.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 67(3):2411–2421, March 2020. ISSN 0278-0046, 1557-9948. doi:10.1109/TIE.2019.2896321. URL https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/docum...

    work page doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2896321 2020

  57. [58]

    Brett, Jesper Edberg, Stephan V

    Mehmet Girayhan Say, Calvin J. Brett, Jesper Edberg, Stephan V. Roth, L. Daniel Söderberg, Isak Engquist, and Magnus Berggren. Scalable paper supercapacitors for printed wearable electronics. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 14(50):55850–55863, 2022. doi:10.1021/acsami.2c15514. URL https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c15514. PMID: 36508553

    work page doi:10.1021/acsami.2c15514 2022

  58. [59]

    Energy Harvesting for Wireless IoT Use Cases: A Generic Feasibility Model and Tradeoff Study

    Dries Van Leemput, Adnan Sabovic, Khodr Hammoud, Jeroen Famaey, Sofie Pollin, and Eli De Poorter. Energy Harvesting for Wireless IoT Use Cases: A Generic Feasibility Model and Tradeoff Study. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 10(17):15025–15043, September 2023. ISSN 2327-4662, 2372-2541. doi:10.1109/JIOT.2023.3263543. URL https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/docume...

    work page doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3263543 2023

  59. [60]

    Tps62740: Ultralow-iq step-down converter

    Texas Instruments. Tps62740: Ultralow-iq step-down converter. Technical report, 2014. URLhttps: //www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tps62740.pdf

    work page 2014

  60. [61]

    St1ps03: 3.3v low power single output step-down converter

    STMicroelectronics. St1ps03: 3.3v low power single output step-down converter. Technical report, 2020. URL https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/st1ps03.pdf

    work page 2020

  61. [62]

    The power of mod- els: Modeling power consumption for iot devices

    Borja Martinez, Màrius Montón, Ignasi Vilajosana, and Joan Daniel Prades. The power of mod- els: Modeling power consumption for iot devices. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(10):5777–5789, 2015. doi:10.1109/JSEN.2015.2445094

    work page doi:10.1109/jsen.2015.2445094 2015

  62. [63]

    Gayathri Devi, K

    S. Gayathri Devi, K. Selvam, and S. P. Rajagopalan. An abstract to calculate big o factors of time and space complexity of machine code. InInternational Conference on Sustainable Energy and Intelligent Systems (SEISCON 2011), pages 844–847, 2011. doi:10.1049/cp.2011.0483

    work page doi:10.1049/cp.2011.0483 2011

  63. [64]

    Wearable electromyography classification of epileptic seizures: A feasibility study.Bioengineering, 10(6), 2023

    Achraf Djemal, Dhouha Bouchaala, Ahmed Fakhfakh, and Olfa Kanoun. Wearable electromyography classification of epileptic seizures: A feasibility study.Bioengineering, 10(6), 2023. ISSN 2306-5354. doi:10.3390/bioengineering10060703. URL https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/6/703

    work page doi:10.3390/bioengineering10060703 2023

  64. [65]

    Dibal, E.N

    P.Y. Dibal, E.N. Onwuka, S. Zubair, E.I. Nwankwo, S.A. Okoh, B. A Salihu, and H.B. Mustaphab. Processor power and energy consumption estimation techniques in iot applications: A review.Internet of Things, 21:100655, 2023. ISSN 2542-6605. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2022.100655. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542660522001366

    work page doi:10.1016/j.iot.2022.100655 2023

  65. [66]

    Aseron, Vaughn Gross- nickle, Robert Sankman, Debendra Mallik, Tao Wang, Sriram Vangal, James W

    Somnath Paul, Vinayak Honkote, Ryan Gary Kim, Turbo Majumder, Paolo A. Aseron, Vaughn Gross- nickle, Robert Sankman, Debendra Mallik, Tao Wang, Sriram Vangal, James W. Tschanz, and Vivek De. A sub-cm3 energy-harvesting stacked wireless sensor node featuring a near-threshold voltage ia-32 microcontroller in 14-nm tri-gate cmos for always-on always-sensing ...

    work page doi:10.1109/jssc.2016.2638465 2017

  66. [67]

    Dynamic differential signaling based logic families for robust ultra-low power near-threshold computing.Microelectronics Journal, 102:104801, 2020

    MD Shazzad Hossain and Ioannis Savidis. Dynamic differential signaling based logic families for robust ultra-low power near-threshold computing.Microelectronics Journal, 102:104801, 2020. ISSN 0026-2692. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2020.104801. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S0026269220300124

    work page doi:10.1016/j.mejo.2020.104801 2020

  67. [68]

    Greentooth: Robust and energy efficient wireless networking for batteryless devices.ACM Trans

    Simeon Babatunde, Arwa Alsubhi, Josiah Hester, and Jacob Sorber. Greentooth: Robust and energy efficient wireless networking for batteryless devices.ACM Trans. Sen. Netw., 20(3), apr 2024. ISSN 1550-4859. doi:10.1145/3649221. URL https://doi.org/10.1145/3649221

    work page doi:10.1145/3649221 2024

  68. [69]

    A simpler, safer programming and execution model for intermit- tent systems.SIGPLAN Not., 50(6):575–585, jun 2015

    Brandon Lucia and Benjamin Ransford. A simpler, safer programming and execution model for intermit- tent systems.SIGPLAN Not., 50(6):575–585, jun 2015. ISSN 0362-1340. doi:10.1145/2813885.2737978. URL https://doi.org/10.1145/2813885.2737978. 35

    work page doi:10.1145/2813885.2737978 2015

  69. [70]

    In: Beckert, B., H¨ahnle, R

    Ahmed Izzat Alsalibi, Mohd Khaled Yousef Shambour, Muhannad A. Abu-Hashem, Mohammad Shehab, Qusai Shambour, and Riham Muqat.Nonvolatile Memory-Based Internet of Things: A Survey, pages 285–304. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2022. ISBN 978-3-030-87059-1. doi:10.1007/978-3- 030-87059-1_11. URL https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87059-1_11

    work page doi:10.1007/978-3- 2022

  70. [71]

    EDMS105N Extremely Low-Power Microcontroller, 2023

    e peas. EDMS105N Extremely Low-Power Microcontroller, 2023. URL https://e-peas.com/ microcontroller-edms105n/

    work page 2023

  71. [72]

    Atmega328p automotive microcontrollers

    Atmel Corporation. Atmega328p automotive microcontrollers. Technical re- port, January 2015. URL https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/ Atmel-7810-Automotive-Microcontrollers-ATmega328P_Datasheet.pdf

    work page 2015

  72. [73]

    STMicroelectronics, 2019

    STM32L010F4 Data Sheet. STMicroelectronics, 2019. URL https://www.st.com/resource/en/ datasheet/stm32l010f4.pdf,

    work page 2019

  73. [74]

    Basnayaka, and Harald Haas

    Zhe Chen, Dushyantha A. Basnayaka, and Harald Haas. Space division multiple access for optical attocell network using angle diversity transmitters.Journal of Lightwave Technology, 35(11):2118–2131,

    work page

  74. [75]

    doi:10.1109/JLT.2017.2670367

    work page doi:10.1109/jlt.2017.2670367 2017

  75. [76]

    Current status and challenges of li-fi: Ieee 802.11bb.IEEE Communi- cations Standards Magazine, 6(2):35–41, 2022

    Evgeny Khorov and Ilya Levitsky. Current status and challenges of li-fi: Ieee 802.11bb.IEEE Communi- cations Standards Magazine, 6(2):35–41, 2022. doi:10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100104

    work page doi:10.1109/mcomstd.0001.2100104 2022

  76. [77]

    Scotopic Vision Is Selectively Processed in Thick-Type Columns in Human Extrastriate Cortex.Cerebral Cortex, 31(2):1163–1181, 10 2020

    Roger B H Tootell and Shahin Nasr. Scotopic Vision Is Selectively Processed in Thick-Type Columns in Human Extrastriate Cortex.Cerebral Cortex, 31(2):1163–1181, 10 2020. ISSN 1047-3211. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa284

    work page doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa284 2020

  77. [78]

    Jonathan Mooney and Patanjali Kambhampati. Get the Basics Right: Jacobian Conversion of Wavelength and Energy Scales for Quantitative Analysis of Emission Spectra.The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 4(19):3316–3318, October 2013. ISSN 1948-7185, 1948-7185. doi:10.1021/jz401508t. URL https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jz401508t

    work page doi:10.1021/jz401508t 2013

  78. [79]

    A novel wake-up communication system using solar panel and visible light communication

    Carolina Carrascal, Ilker Demirkol, and Josep Paradells. A novel wake-up communication system using solar panel and visible light communication. In2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference, pages 461–467, 2014. doi:10.1109/GLOCOM.2014.7036851

    work page doi:10.1109/glocom.2014.7036851 2014

  79. [80]

    Chapter 11 - visible-light communica- tions and light fidelity

    Harald Haas, Elham Sarbazi, Hanaa Marshoud, and John Fakidis. Chapter 11 - visible-light communica- tions and light fidelity. In Alan E. Willner, editor,Optical Fiber Telecommunications VII, pages 443–493. Academic Press, 2020. ISBN 978-0-12-816502-7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816502-7.00013-0. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article...

    work page doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816502-7.00013-0 2020

  80. [81]

    Automatic realignment with electronic steering of free-space-optical transceivers in manets: A proof-of-concept prototype

    Abdullah Sevincer, Mehmet Bilgi, and Murat Yuksel. Automatic realignment with electronic steering of free-space-optical transceivers in manets: A proof-of-concept prototype. Ad Hoc Networks, 11 (1):585–595, 2013. ISSN 1570-8705. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2012.08.004. URL https: //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570870512001515

    work page doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2012.08.004 2013

Showing first 80 references.