Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-23T18:46:00.041437Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems
As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2410.13900.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T15:09:23.883186Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-08-06T15:09:26.209138Z
Reference resolution
43 of 43 outbound references displayed
- verified exact3
- verified fuzzy31
- unresolved6
- parse uncertain1
- malformed identifier1
- metadata mismatch1
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 63cec2d6-f97b-486c-aa52-952e27e28ae6 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.725565Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 0f059e8d-af3c-413f-bb43-c186a8e6d86b · outbound
This paper cites The 2020 voting experience: Lessons learned and recommendations for reform.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems The 2020 voting experience: Lessons learned and recommendations for reform
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.718866Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 49f6422d-8ad3-48c0-ad21-c59751e9c77e · outbound
This paper cites Blessing, J.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Blessing, J
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.732421Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation acccbcdc-f360-42ab-bf19-cf5a6c8bb890 · outbound
This paper cites Final voting ward demographics.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Final voting ward demographics
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.729132Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 303faccf-192c-44bc-91b2-6a743841062a · outbound
This paper cites Mail-in voting in 2020 infrastruc- ture risk assessment and infographic, July 2020.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Mail-in voting in 2020 infrastruc- ture risk assessment and infographic, July 2020
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.758683Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 4a9b147f-9166-452f-9fe1-efecfe02161e · outbound
This paper cites De Witte.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems De Witte
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.735842Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation a1e314b1-d587-41e2-a2e0-f5393615cada · outbound
This paper cites Ballotscout.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Ballotscout
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.738767Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation aa5074f1-2f30-48f9-8a7a-44e43a05fb2a · outbound
This paper cites Haseltine.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Haseltine
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.745586Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e47a1cf8-628d-4ac9-a42a-5d07f0ed218f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
- Resolution
- parse uncertain
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.742203Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 96edd18e-abfa-4cdc-b51a-dd8bd574d4dd · outbound
This paper cites Haseltine, S.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Haseltine, S
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.755150Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 4e24f765-4d5d-43ea-af30-414901b72fb8 · outbound
This paper cites Ballottrax.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Ballottrax
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.748971Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 045815d6-a332-43f3-954a-fb11aae6f644 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Unresolved cited work
Reference 12
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.752228Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5903a6bb-6ef1-4ee9-8984-904650759c59 · outbound
This paper cites What queueing means; polling places Covid-19?.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems What queueing means; polling places Covid-19?
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.700908Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 1f102278-cc92-4393-9ff0-aa503fa916ab · outbound
This paper cites Municipalities, June 2023.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Municipalities, June 2023
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.696950Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d1ac5716-f48c-490d-bdb7-b4a6aefc050d · outbound
This paper cites November 3, 2020 - general election.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems November 3, 2020 - general election
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.693357Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 371df394-511e-4f57-bee9-c7bf55f7695c · outbound
This paper cites Voting wards 2020.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Voting wards 2020
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.776906Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation f0099af5-5ed0-4f3c-8c74-ccf4a21be317 · outbound
This paper cites Voting by mail and absentee voting, Mar.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Voting by mail and absentee voting, Mar
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.681078Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e8cf4eb8-48b5-4876-9b66-c53bc6bfd7bd · outbound
This paper cites Report voting outside the polling place: Absentee, all-mail and other voting at home options.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Report voting outside the polling place: Absentee, all-mail and other voting at home options
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.689756Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 7e420985-8b91-4bba-a7dc-8e3715d43625 · outbound
This paper cites Voting outside the polling place: Absentee, all-mail and other voting at home options.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Voting outside the polling place: Absentee, all-mail and other voting at home options
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.762207Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 4594debf-189d-461b-ae03-5a589c545b03 · outbound
This paper cites United States Postal Service performance of election and political mail during the November 2020 general election.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems United States Postal Service performance of election and political mail during the November 2020 general election
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.771919Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 6e8735ef-afe5-46fc-8639-c93e208c1959 · outbound
This paper cites United States postal service performance of election and political mail during the November 2020 General Election.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems United States postal service performance of election and political mail during the November 2020 General Election
Reference 21
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.642857Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 98a078e8-0395-46d0-a295-d7876b063400 · outbound
This paper cites Rinaldi, J.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Rinaldi, J
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-05-23T18:48:19.505884Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c35e0031-2c1e-4c90-8ac1-1dfcf69a165f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Unresolved cited work
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-23T18:48:19.490772Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c06ce04b-5bbe-4aad-ab25-40dfb2d714c0 · outbound
This paper cites Scala, I.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Scala, I
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.677411Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c463e5e5-f6eb-4bbb-9126-d3832b011bb9 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Unresolved cited work
Reference 25
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.673948Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d5e9c2a7-3f17-44da-b05c-75c26f450a0d · outbound
This paper cites Schmidt and L.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Schmidt and L
Reference 26
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-23T18:48:20.526383Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 1267207e-0ecb-4fad-a5aa-58b5bc44c71b · outbound
This paper cites Schmidt and L.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Schmidt and L
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-23T18:48:19.502214Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 0862bcf5-ac5f-48a6-85c8-b3a4eb34d96e · outbound
This paper cites Schneier.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Schneier
Reference 28
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.785366Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation ca9a9014-d74c-4248-b135-08cce6b5a187 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Unresolved cited work
Reference 29
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.666792Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 54c061ff-2c0d-491f-8fd0-f46179444e23 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Unresolved cited work
Reference 30
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.670184Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 16a7f176-936f-4568-8475-99df61971e3f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
- Resolution
- malformed identifier
- doi_truncated, observed 2026-05-23T18:48:19.495667Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation bb6d86f6-4093-4ba2-9a92-96da8b5bdf64 · outbound
This paper cites Stewart III and S.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Stewart III and S
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.685345Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 970615c3-3ad2-4698-899a-e2ff0edb4bd4 · outbound
This paper cites Election fraud map.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Election fraud map
Reference 33
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.779717Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation f7bc1201-ff42-48f2-84ab-4c1164d338c6 · outbound
This paper cites QuickFacts Milwaukee city, Wisconsin.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems QuickFacts Milwaukee city, Wisconsin
Reference 34
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.708520Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 8c80687f-9978-4606-a055-cb721c3b739b · outbound
This paper cites Election operations assessment; Threat trees and matrices and Threat Instance Risk Analyzer (TIRA).
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Election operations assessment; Threat trees and matrices and Threat Instance Risk Analyzer (TIRA)
Reference 35
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.782801Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 61367898-72c9-4c1a-89aa-23788e024573 · outbound
This paper cites Absentee ballot report, Oct.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Absentee ballot report, Oct
Reference 36
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.659370Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 31c6a384-69a2-4604-9d5a-fc90baec0879 · outbound
This paper cites Voting by mail: Note on absentee ballot return, Oct.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Voting by mail: Note on absentee ballot return, Oct
Reference 37
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.663269Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 4c2f02c3-a822-4fcc-8a77-e022759b0347 · outbound
This paper cites WEC releases analysis of November 2020 election data.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems WEC releases analysis of November 2020 election data
Reference 38
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.715103Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b9b38587-1196-4816-9e59-c87416bc1d0e · outbound
This paper cites 2020 general election voting and registration statistics report, el-109f.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems 2020 general election voting and registration statistics report, el-109f
Reference 39
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.722441Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation ef1aa3d8-317a-40bd-92c7-dbc0582f7d24 · outbound
This paper cites Absentee ballot report - November 3, 2020 General Election.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Absentee ballot report - November 3, 2020 General Election
Reference 40
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.655695Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 6d7fb2fe-3bed-4725-b68c-c109b220f229 · outbound
This paper cites November 3, 2020 Election Data report.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems November 3, 2020 Election Data report
Reference 41
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.646715Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 827b0407-9b3d-4d6b-a847-87f0d006bc32 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.704903Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5a89a628-b941-4439-96b9-7c9742a27eb9 · outbound
This paper cites Yasinsac and H.
Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems Yasinsac and H
Reference 43
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-24T07:46:05.650939Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Pith citing papers
Observation b5358abd-71bf-497a-98cc-835fec33d827 · inbound
Ballot Design and Electoral Outcomes: The Role of Candidate Order and Party Affiliation cites this paper.
Ballot Design and Electoral Outcomes: The Role of Candidate Order and Party Affiliation Voting by mail: a Markov chain model for managing the security risks of election systems
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T15:09:26.265415Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.