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Simpler Diffusion (SiD2): 1.5 FID on ImageNet512 with pixel-space diffusion
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Latent diffusion models have become the popular choice for scaling up diffusion models for high resolution image synthesis. Compared to pixel-space models that are trained end-to-end, latent models are perceived to be more efficient and to produce higher image quality at high resolution. Here we challenge these notions, and show that pixel-space models can be very competitive to latent models both in quality and efficiency, achieving 1.5 FID on ImageNet512 and new SOTA results on ImageNet128, ImageNet256 and Kinetics600. We present a simple recipe for scaling end-to-end pixel-space diffusion models to high resolutions. 1: Use the sigmoid loss-weighting (Kingma & Gao, 2023) with our prescribed hyper-parameters. 2: Use our simplified memory-efficient architecture with fewer skip-connections. 3: Scale the model to favor processing the image at a high resolution with fewer parameters, rather than using more parameters at a lower resolution. Combining these with guidance intervals, we obtain a family of pixel-space diffusion models we call Simpler Diffusion (SiD2).
Forward citations
Cited by 15 Pith papers
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History-Guided Video Diffusion
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Steering Optimisation Trajectories in Diffusion Representation Learning
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MIMFlow: Integrating Masked Image Modeling with Normalizing Flows for End-to-End Image Generation
MIMFlow uses a VAE on masked images to feed semantic latents to a normalizing flow while a decoder handles high-frequency details, reporting FID 2.50 and 71.3% linear probing on ImageNet 256x256 with 128 tokens.
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GPIC: A Giant Permissive Image Corpus for Visual Generation
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WavFlow: Audio Generation in Waveform Space
WavFlow performs direct waveform audio generation via flow matching on 2D token grids from raw patches plus amplitude lifting, matching latent-based methods on VGGSound and AudioCaps without intermediate compression.
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SRC-Flow: Compact Semantic Representations Enable Normalizing Flows for Image Generation
SRC-Flow compresses RAE features into a low-dimensional semantic space with a Semantic Representation Compressor, enabling normalizing flows to achieve SOTA gFID scores of 1.65 and 2.07 on ImageNet 256x256 and 512x512...
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SRC-Flow: Compact Semantic Representations Enable Normalizing Flows for Image Generation
SRC-Flow compresses RAE features via a Semantic Representation Compressor into a low-dimensional space, enabling normalizing flows to reach gFID 1.65 on ImageNet 256x256 and 2.07 on 512x512 while retaining exact likelihoods.
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L2P: Unlocking Latent Potential for Pixel Generation
L2P repurposes pre-trained LDMs for direct pixel generation via large-patch tokenization and shallow-layer training on synthetic data, matching source performance with 8-GPU training and enabling native 4K output.
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Normalizing Flows with Iterative Denoising
iTARFlow augments normalizing flows with diffusion-style iterative denoising during sampling while preserving end-to-end likelihood training, reaching competitive results on ImageNet 64/128/256.
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Diagnosing and Improving Diffusion Models by Estimating the Optimal Loss Value
Derives closed-form optimal loss for unified diffusion models, provides variance-controlled estimators, and shows improved diagnosis, training schedules, and power-law scaling after subtracting the optimal value.
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Multimodal diffusion model generates discrete gate selections and continuous parameters for quantum circuit compilation, claiming better gate counts and noise resilience than prior methods.
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