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Vortex phases and domain walls in trapped spinor Bose-Einstein condensates with inhomogeneous spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupling
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We investigate the ground-state structures and vortex configurations in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) under the influence of spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupling (SOAMC) with a high spatial inhomogeneity and high characteristic orbital angular momentum. By modulating the coupling strength, we uncover two distinct quantum phases: a stripe phase at low coupling strengths and a new vortex-necklace phase at higher coupling intensities. The latter is characterized by vortices forming a ring-shaped structure that acts as a domain wall, a unique phase boundary between a central stripe phase and an outer single-momentum phase. For a better understanding of this new mixed phase of the system, we develop an analytical model to describe the domain wall radius as a function of coupling strength, which aligns well with numerical simulations. Our findings contribute to the understanding of SOAMC-driven quantum phase transitions and domain wall formation, offering new insights into topological phenomena in ultracold atomic systems.
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Excitations of a supersolid annular stripe phase in a spin-orbital-angular-momentum-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate
In an SOAM-coupled spin-1 condensate with 4 angular momentum transfer, the zero-to-annular-stripe transition is preceded by the softening of a symmetric double roton mode at lq = ±4.
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